Lexipedia - Process for the people

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<bpmnio type="bpmn">
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<bpmn:definitions xmlns:bpmn="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL" xmlns:bpmndi="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/DI" xmlns:dc="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DC" xmlns:di="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DI" xmlns:camunda="http://camunda.org/schema/1.0/bpmn" id="Defs_VA_Expungement" targetNamespace="http://lexipedia.xyz/bpmn/va-expungement" exporter="lexipedia-generator" exporterVersion="1.0">
  <bpmn:collaboration id="Collab_1">
    <bpmn:participant id="Participant_1" name="Expungement of police and court records — Va. Code s 19.2-392.2 (eff. July 1, 2026)" processRef="Process_1" />
  </bpmn:collaboration>
  <bpmn:process id="Process_1" isExecutable="false">
    <bpmn:laneSet id="LaneSet_1">
      <bpmn:lane id="Lane_PET" name="Petitioner (and counsel)">
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>SE_A</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>SE_B</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_prep_A</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_reqccre</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_fp_B</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_fileB</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
      </bpmn:lane>
      <bpmn:lane id="Lane_LE" name="Law-enforcement agency">
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_le_submit</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
      </bpmn:lane>
      <bpmn:lane id="Lane_SP" name="CCRE / Department of State Police">
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_ccre_fwd_A</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_ccre_fwd_B</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_sp_expunge</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
      </bpmn:lane>
      <bpmn:lane id="Lane_CT" name="Circuit Court (clerk &amp; judge)">
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>SE_H</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>SE_I</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>SE_J</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_clerk_receive</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>G_no_hearing</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_grant_nh</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_destroy_fp</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_hearing</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>G_standard</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>G_goodcause</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>G_manifest</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_grant_h</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_deny</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_return_fp_g</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_return_fp_d</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>G_appeal_g</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>G_appeal_d</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_H</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_I</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_J</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>J_order</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_clerk_forward</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_refund</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>G_void</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>E_void</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>E_final</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>E_deny</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>E_appeal</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
      </bpmn:lane>
      <bpmn:lane id="Lane_CA" name="Attorney for the Commonwealth">
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_ca_review</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>G_ca</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_ca_obj</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>T_ca_noobj</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
      </bpmn:lane>
    </bpmn:laneSet>
    <bpmn:startEvent id="SE_A" name="Charge resolved: acquittal, nolle prosequi, or dismissal (incl. accord &amp; satisfaction, s 19.2-151)">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. A: a person charged with a crime, civil offense, or any Title 18.2 offense who (1) is acquitted, or (2) has a nolle prosequi taken or the charge otherwise dismissed, may petition for expungement.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f1</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:startEvent>
    <bpmn:startEvent id="SE_B" name="Petitioner's identity used by another, without consent, in a charge/arrest">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. B: a person whose name or identification was used without consent by another who was charged/arrested under that name may petition the court that disposed of the charge. No fees.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f5</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:startEvent>
    <bpmn:startEvent id="SE_H" name="At dismissal, court finds the arrestee is not the person named">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. H: when a charge is dismissed because the court finds the person arrested/charged is not the person named in the summons, warrant, indictment, or presentment.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f36</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:startEvent>
    <bpmn:startEvent id="SE_I" name="Court receives an absolute pardon for a crime not committed (s 2.2-402)">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. I: upon receiving a copy of an absolute pardon for the commission of a crime the person did not commit.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f37</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:startEvent>
    <bpmn:startEvent id="SE_J" name="Court receives a writ vacating a conviction (s 19.2-327.5 / s 19.2-327.13)">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. J: upon receiving a copy of a writ of actual innocence vacating a conviction.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f38</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:startEvent>
    <bpmn:task id="T_prep_A" name="Prepare &amp; file petition in the circuit court of the jurisdiction of disposition; attach warrant/summons/indictment if available; state required facts">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. C: petition is filed in the circuit court of the county/city where the case was disposed; it must state the charge, date of final disposition, petitioner's DOB, the name used at arrest, and the arrest date and arresting agency if reasonably available (or the reason unavailable). From 7/1/2026 no court fees or costs are charged (subs. A).</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f1</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f2</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:task id="T_reqccre" name="Request the CCRE to electronically forward the petitioner's Virginia criminal history to the circuit court">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. C: if e-transmission is unavailable, the CCRE sends a paper copy to the court, held under seal by the clerk.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f2</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f3</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:task id="T_fp_B" name="Obtain one complete set of fingerprints from a law-enforcement agency; give that agency a copy of the petition">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. B and E.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f5</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f6</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:task id="T_fileB" name="File the petition (with fingerprints) in the court that disposed of the charge — no fees or costs">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. B.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f6</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f7</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:task id="T_le_submit" name="Submit the fingerprint set to the CCRE with a copy of the petition attached">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. E.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f7</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f8</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:task id="T_ccre_fwd_A" name="Forward the criminal history record to the circuit court (electronically, or paper under seal)">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. C.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f3</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f4</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:task id="T_ccre_fwd_B" name="Forward under seal to the court: the petitioner's criminal history and the fingerprint set">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. E.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f8</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f9</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:task id="T_sp_expunge" name="Dept. of State Police directs the manner of expungement/removal (s 9.1-134); validates record accuracy, not eligibility">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. K (validation language effective 7/1/2026).</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f43</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f44</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:task id="T_clerk_receive" name="Clerk dockets the petition &amp; criminal history; serves a copy on the Attorney for the Commonwealth; keeps petition &amp; pleadings under seal">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. D and M.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f4</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:incoming>f9</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f10</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:task id="T_ca_review" name="Attorney for the Commonwealth reviews the petition (the Commonwealth is party defendant)">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. D and G.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f10</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f11</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="G_ca" name="CA response within 21 days?">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. D.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f11</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f12</bpmn:outgoing>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f13</bpmn:outgoing>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f14</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
    <bpmn:task id="T_ca_obj" name="File an objection or answer">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. D.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f12</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f15</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:task id="T_ca_noobj" name="Give written notice of no objection; if the charge is a felony, stipulate manifest injustice">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. D and F.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f13</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f16</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="G_no_hearing" name="Order without a hearing available?">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. F: permitted only if the CA gave written notice of no objection AND, where the charge is a felony, stipulated manifest injustice.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f14</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:incoming>f15</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:incoming>f16</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f17</bpmn:outgoing>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f18</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
    <bpmn:task id="T_grant_nh" name="Enter an order of expungement without a hearing">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. F.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f17</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f19</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:task id="T_destroy_fp" name="Destroy the fingerprint card, unless the petitioner requests its return within 30 days">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. E: applies where no hearing was conducted and fingerprints were filed (subs. B/H).</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f19</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f20</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:task id="T_hearing" name="Court conducts a hearing after receiving the criminal history record">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. F.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f18</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f21</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="G_standard" name="No prior record AND (misdemeanor or civil offense)?">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. F.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f21</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f22</bpmn:outgoing>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f23</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="G_goodcause" name="Commonwealth shows good cause to the contrary?">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. F: absent good cause, the petitioner is entitled to expungement; if good cause is shown, the general manifest-injustice standard governs.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f22</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f24</bpmn:outgoing>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f25</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="G_manifest" name="Court finds a manifest injustice?">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. F.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f23</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:incoming>f25</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f26</bpmn:outgoing>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f27</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
    <bpmn:task id="T_grant_h" name="Enter an order of expungement">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. F.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f24</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:incoming>f26</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f28</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:task id="T_deny" name="Deny the petition">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. F.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f27</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f30</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:task id="T_return_fp_g" name="Return the fingerprint card to the petitioner on completion of the hearing">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. E (applies where fingerprints were filed).</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f28</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f29</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:task id="T_return_fp_d" name="Return the fingerprint card to the petitioner on completion of the hearing">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. E (applies where fingerprints were filed).</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f30</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f31</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="G_appeal_g" name="Aggrieved party appeals (as in civil cases)?">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. G.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f20</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:incoming>f29</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f32</bpmn:outgoing>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f33</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="G_appeal_d" name="Aggrieved party appeals (as in civil cases)?">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. G.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f31</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f34</bpmn:outgoing>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f35</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
    <bpmn:task id="T_H" name="On motion of the improperly arrested person, enter an expungement order (cites subs. H), accompanied by the petitioner's fingerprints">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. H.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f36</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f39</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:task id="T_I" name="Enter an order expunging the charge and conviction (order cites subs. I)">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. I.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f37</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f40</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:task id="T_J" name="Enter an order expunging the charge and conviction (order cites subs. J)">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. J.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f38</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f41</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="J_order">
      <bpmn:documentation>Converging gateway: an order of expungement has been entered (any pathway).</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f33</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:incoming>f39</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:incoming>f40</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:incoming>f41</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f42</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
    <bpmn:task id="T_clerk_forward" name="Clerk forwards a copy of the expungement order to the Department of State Police">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. K.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f42</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f43</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:task id="T_refund" name="If costs were paid (petitions filed before 7/1/2026), clerk refunds costs to the petitioner (s 17.1-275)">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. L of the version effective until 7/1/2026; from 7/1/2026 no fees or costs are charged at filing.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f44</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f45</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="G_void" name="Motion to void within 3 years? (procedures not strictly followed, or order contrary to law)">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. L (eff. 7/1/2026).</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f45</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f46</bpmn:outgoing>
      <bpmn:outgoing>f47</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
    <bpmn:endEvent id="E_void" name="Order voided">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. L.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f46</bpmn:incoming>
    </bpmn:endEvent>
    <bpmn:endEvent id="E_final" name="Records expunged; order sealed — disseminate only per s 19.2-392.3">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. K and M.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f47</bpmn:incoming>
    </bpmn:endEvent>
    <bpmn:endEvent id="E_deny" name="Petition denied">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. F.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f35</bpmn:incoming>
    </bpmn:endEvent>
    <bpmn:endEvent id="E_appeal" name="Matter on appeal (civil)">
      <bpmn:documentation>Subs. G.</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:incoming>f32</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:incoming>f34</bpmn:incoming>
    </bpmn:endEvent>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f1" sourceRef="SE_A" targetRef="T_prep_A" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f2" sourceRef="T_prep_A" targetRef="T_reqccre" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f3" sourceRef="T_reqccre" targetRef="T_ccre_fwd_A" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f4" sourceRef="T_ccre_fwd_A" targetRef="T_clerk_receive" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f5" sourceRef="SE_B" targetRef="T_fp_B" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f6" sourceRef="T_fp_B" targetRef="T_fileB" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f7" sourceRef="T_fileB" targetRef="T_le_submit" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f8" sourceRef="T_le_submit" targetRef="T_ccre_fwd_B" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f9" sourceRef="T_ccre_fwd_B" targetRef="T_clerk_receive" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f10" sourceRef="T_clerk_receive" targetRef="T_ca_review" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f11" sourceRef="T_ca_review" targetRef="G_ca" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f12" name="Objection / answer" sourceRef="G_ca" targetRef="T_ca_obj" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f13" name="Written notice of no objection" sourceRef="G_ca" targetRef="T_ca_noobj" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f14" name="No response within 21 days" sourceRef="G_ca" targetRef="G_no_hearing" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f15" sourceRef="T_ca_obj" targetRef="G_no_hearing" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f16" sourceRef="T_ca_noobj" targetRef="G_no_hearing" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f17" name="Yes (CA no objection; felony stipulation if applicable)" sourceRef="G_no_hearing" targetRef="T_grant_nh" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f18" name="No" sourceRef="G_no_hearing" targetRef="T_hearing" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f19" sourceRef="T_grant_nh" targetRef="T_destroy_fp" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f20" sourceRef="T_destroy_fp" targetRef="G_appeal_g" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f21" sourceRef="T_hearing" targetRef="G_standard" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f22" name="Yes" sourceRef="G_standard" targetRef="G_goodcause" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f23" name="No (felony, or has prior record)" sourceRef="G_standard" targetRef="G_manifest" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f24" name="No good cause (entitled)" sourceRef="G_goodcause" targetRef="T_grant_h" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f25" name="Good cause shown" sourceRef="G_goodcause" targetRef="G_manifest" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f26" name="Yes" sourceRef="G_manifest" targetRef="T_grant_h" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f27" name="No" sourceRef="G_manifest" targetRef="T_deny" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f28" sourceRef="T_grant_h" targetRef="T_return_fp_g" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f29" sourceRef="T_return_fp_g" targetRef="G_appeal_g" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f30" sourceRef="T_deny" targetRef="T_return_fp_d" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f31" sourceRef="T_return_fp_d" targetRef="G_appeal_d" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f32" name="Yes" sourceRef="G_appeal_g" targetRef="E_appeal" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f33" name="No" sourceRef="G_appeal_g" targetRef="J_order" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f34" name="Yes" sourceRef="G_appeal_d" targetRef="E_appeal" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f35" name="No" sourceRef="G_appeal_d" targetRef="E_deny" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f36" sourceRef="SE_H" targetRef="T_H" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f37" sourceRef="SE_I" targetRef="T_I" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f38" sourceRef="SE_J" targetRef="T_J" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f39" sourceRef="T_H" targetRef="J_order" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f40" sourceRef="T_I" targetRef="J_order" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f41" sourceRef="T_J" targetRef="J_order" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f42" sourceRef="J_order" targetRef="T_clerk_forward" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f43" sourceRef="T_clerk_forward" targetRef="T_sp_expunge" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f44" sourceRef="T_sp_expunge" targetRef="T_refund" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f45" sourceRef="T_refund" targetRef="G_void" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f46" name="Yes" sourceRef="G_void" targetRef="E_void" />
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="f47" name="No" sourceRef="G_void" targetRef="E_final" />
  
    <bpmn:category id="Cat_trigger"><bpmn:categoryValue id="CV_trigger" value="1. Triggering event / eligibility" /></bpmn:category>
    <bpmn:category id="Cat_file"><bpmn:categoryValue id="CV_file" value="2. Prepare & file petition" /></bpmn:category>
    <bpmn:category id="Cat_records"><bpmn:categoryValue id="CV_records" value="3. Fingerprints & criminal-history record" /></bpmn:category>
    <bpmn:category id="Cat_review"><bpmn:categoryValue id="CV_review" value="4. Docketing & Commonwealth review" /></bpmn:category>
    <bpmn:category id="Cat_decision"><bpmn:categoryValue id="CV_decision" value="5. Court decision" /></bpmn:category>
    <bpmn:category id="Cat_post"><bpmn:categoryValue id="CV_post" value="6. Post-order: dissemination, refund, void" /></bpmn:category>
    <bpmn:group id="Grp_trigger" categoryValueRef="CV_trigger" />
    <bpmn:group id="Grp_file" categoryValueRef="CV_file" />
    <bpmn:group id="Grp_records" categoryValueRef="CV_records" />
    <bpmn:group id="Grp_review" categoryValueRef="CV_review" />
    <bpmn:group id="Grp_decision" categoryValueRef="CV_decision" />
    <bpmn:group id="Grp_post" categoryValueRef="CV_post" />
    <bpmn:textAnnotation id="Ann_overview"><bpmn:text>This diagram models the statutory expungement process under Va. Code 19.2-392.2 as amended effective July 1, 2026. Expungement removes the police and court records of a charge from public access; sealed records may be disseminated only as allowed by 19.2-392.3.</bpmn:text></bpmn:textAnnotation>
    <bpmn:textAnnotation id="Ann_nofee"><bpmn:text>Effective 7/1/2026 no filing fees or costs are charged. Petitions filed before that date that paid costs are refunded by the clerk (17.1-275).</bpmn:text></bpmn:textAnnotation>
    <bpmn:textAnnotation id="Ann_statutes"><bpmn:text>Key authorities: 19.2-392.2 (expungement); 19.2-392.3 (dissemination of sealed records); 9.1-134 (State Police removal procedure); 2.2-402 (absolute pardon); 19.2-327.5 / 19.2-327.13 (writ of actual innocence); 19.2-151 (accord & satisfaction).</bpmn:text></bpmn:textAnnotation>
    <bpmn:textAnnotation id="Ann_party"><bpmn:text>The Commonwealth is the party defendant. If the Attorney for the Commonwealth files no objection within 21 days, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.</bpmn:text></bpmn:textAnnotation>
  </bpmn:process>
  <bpmndi:BPMNDiagram id="Diagram_1">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Lane_PET_di" bpmnElement="Lane_PET" isHorizontal="true">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Lane_LE_di" bpmnElement="Lane_LE" isHorizontal="true">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Lane_SP_di" bpmnElement="Lane_SP" isHorizontal="true">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Lane_CT_di" bpmnElement="Lane_CT" isHorizontal="true">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Lane_CA_di" bpmnElement="Lane_CA" isHorizontal="true">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="SE_A_di" bpmnElement="SE_A">
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        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
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        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="SE_B_di" bpmnElement="SE_B">
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        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
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        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="SE_H_di" bpmnElement="SE_H">
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        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
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        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="SE_I_di" bpmnElement="SE_I">
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        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
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        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="SE_J_di" bpmnElement="SE_J">
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        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
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        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_prep_A_di" bpmnElement="T_prep_A">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_reqccre_di" bpmnElement="T_reqccre">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_fp_B_di" bpmnElement="T_fp_B">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_fileB_di" bpmnElement="T_fileB">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_le_submit_di" bpmnElement="T_le_submit">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_ccre_fwd_A_di" bpmnElement="T_ccre_fwd_A">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_ccre_fwd_B_di" bpmnElement="T_ccre_fwd_B">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_sp_expunge_di" bpmnElement="T_sp_expunge">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_clerk_receive_di" bpmnElement="T_clerk_receive">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_ca_review_di" bpmnElement="T_ca_review">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="G_ca_di" bpmnElement="G_ca" isMarkerVisible="true">
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        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
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        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_ca_obj_di" bpmnElement="T_ca_obj">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_ca_noobj_di" bpmnElement="T_ca_noobj">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="G_no_hearing_di" bpmnElement="G_no_hearing" isMarkerVisible="true">
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        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
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        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_grant_nh_di" bpmnElement="T_grant_nh">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_destroy_fp_di" bpmnElement="T_destroy_fp">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_hearing_di" bpmnElement="T_hearing">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="G_standard_di" bpmnElement="G_standard" isMarkerVisible="true">
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        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
          <dc:Bounds x="2300" y="692" width="110" height="40" />
        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="G_goodcause_di" bpmnElement="G_goodcause" isMarkerVisible="true">
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        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
          <dc:Bounds x="2495" y="627" width="110" height="40" />
        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="G_manifest_di" bpmnElement="G_manifest" isMarkerVisible="true">
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        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
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        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_grant_h_di" bpmnElement="T_grant_h">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_deny_di" bpmnElement="T_deny">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_return_fp_g_di" bpmnElement="T_return_fp_g">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_return_fp_d_di" bpmnElement="T_return_fp_d">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="G_appeal_g_di" bpmnElement="G_appeal_g" isMarkerVisible="true">
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        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
          <dc:Bounds x="3080" y="642" width="110" height="40" />
        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="G_appeal_d_di" bpmnElement="G_appeal_d" isMarkerVisible="true">
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        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
          <dc:Bounds x="3080" y="747" width="110" height="40" />
        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_H_di" bpmnElement="T_H">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_I_di" bpmnElement="T_I">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_J_di" bpmnElement="T_J">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="J_order_di" bpmnElement="J_order" isMarkerVisible="true">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_clerk_forward_di" bpmnElement="T_clerk_forward">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="T_refund_di" bpmnElement="T_refund">
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="G_void_di" bpmnElement="G_void" isMarkerVisible="true">
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        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
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        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
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      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
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        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
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====== Expungement of Police and Court Records (Va. Code § 19.2-392.2) ======

This page models the **record expungement** process in Virginia as amended effective **July 1, 2026**. Expungement removes the police and court records of a charge from public access so that, in the eyes of the law, the event is treated as if it never occurred. Sealed records may afterward be disseminated only in the limited circumstances allowed by [[virginia_expungement_dissemination|§ 19.2-392.3]].

See also: [[virginia_criminal_procedure|Virginia Criminal Procedure]] · [[virginia|Virginia]] · [[jurisdictions|Jurisdictions]]

===== Who can file =====

A person may petition for expungement when one of the following **triggering events** occurs:
  * A charge is resolved by **acquittal, nolle prosequi, or dismissal** — including dismissal upon [[accord_and_satisfaction|accord & satisfaction (§ 19.2-151)]].
  * The petitioner's **identity was used by another person** without consent in a charge or arrest.
  * At dismissal, the court finds the **arrestee is not the person named** in the charge.
  * The petitioner receives an **absolute pardon** for a crime not committed ([[absolute_pardon|§ 2.2-402]]).
  * A court enters a **writ vacating a conviction** ([[writ_of_actual_innocence|§ 19.2-327.5 / § 19.2-327.13]]).

===== The process, step by step =====

  - **Prepare and file the petition** in the [[circuit_court|circuit court]] for the jurisdiction where the charge was disposed of. Attach the warrant, summons, or indictment if available and state the required facts. See [[expungement_petition|how to prepare an expungement petition]].
  - **Obtain criminal-history records.** Request that the [[ccre|Central Criminal Records Exchange (CCRE)]] electronically forward the petitioner's Virginia criminal history to the court, and obtain one complete set of [[fingerprinting|fingerprints]] from a law-enforcement agency.
  - **The CCRE / [[virginia_state_police|Department of State Police]]** forwards the criminal-history record (and fingerprints) to the court under seal and, where applicable, directs the manner of removal under [[record_removal_procedure|§ 9.1-134]] — validating record accuracy, not eligibility.
  - **The clerk dockets** the petition and serves a copy on the [[attorney_for_the_commonwealth|Attorney for the Commonwealth]], keeping pleadings under seal.
  - **Commonwealth review (21 days).** The Commonwealth is the party defendant. If it files no objection within 21 days (and, for a felony, stipulates [[manifest_injustice|manifest injustice]]), the court may grant the petition **without a hearing**. Otherwise the court holds a [[expungement_hearing|hearing]].
  - **Court decision.** For a misdemeanor or civil offense where the petitioner has no prior record, expungement is entered unless the Commonwealth shows good cause. In other cases the petitioner must show manifest injustice. The court enters an order of expungement or denies the petition; an aggrieved party may [[civil_appeal|appeal as in civil cases]].
  - **Post-order.** The clerk forwards the order to the [[virginia_state_police|Department of State Police]], refunds any costs paid on pre-7/1/2026 petitions ([[court_costs|§ 17.1-275]]), and the records are sealed. An order may be **voided on motion within three years** if procedures were not followed or it is contrary to law.

===== Roles (swimlanes) =====

  * [[petitioner|Petitioner (and counsel)]]
  * [[law_enforcement_agency|Law-enforcement agency]]
  * [[ccre|CCRE / Department of State Police]]
  * [[circuit_court|Circuit Court (clerk & judge)]]
  * [[attorney_for_the_commonwealth|Attorney for the Commonwealth]]

===== Key statutes =====

  * [[va_code_19.2-392.2|§ 19.2-392.2]] — Expungement of police and court records
  * [[virginia_expungement_dissemination|§ 19.2-392.3]] — Dissemination of expunged/sealed records
  * [[record_removal_procedure|§ 9.1-134]] — State Police removal procedure
  * [[absolute_pardon|§ 2.2-402]] — Absolute pardon
  * [[writ_of_actual_innocence|§ 19.2-327.5 / § 19.2-327.13]] — Writ of actual innocence
  * [[accord_and_satisfaction|§ 19.2-151]] — Accord & satisfaction
  * [[court_costs|§ 17.1-275]] — Costs and refunds