Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- virginia_criminal_procedure [2026/06/08 16:49] – created admin
+++ virginia_criminal_procedure [2026/06/08 16:55] (current) – Add phase groups, context annotations, and descriptive wiki section with internal links for expungement process admin
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
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+    <bpmn:category id="Cat_trigger"><bpmn:categoryValue id="CV_trigger" value="1. Triggering event / eligibility" /></bpmn:category>
+    <bpmn:category id="Cat_file"><bpmn:categoryValue id="CV_file" value="2. Prepare & file petition" /></bpmn:category>
+    <bpmn:category id="Cat_records"><bpmn:categoryValue id="CV_records" value="3. Fingerprints & criminal-history record" /></bpmn:category>
+    <bpmn:category id="Cat_review"><bpmn:categoryValue id="CV_review" value="4. Docketing & Commonwealth review" /></bpmn:category>
+    <bpmn:category id="Cat_decision"><bpmn:categoryValue id="CV_decision" value="5. Court decision" /></bpmn:category>
+    <bpmn:category id="Cat_post"><bpmn:categoryValue id="CV_post" value="6. Post-order: dissemination, refund, void" /></bpmn:category>
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+    <bpmn:group id="Grp_file" categoryValueRef="CV_file" />
+    <bpmn:group id="Grp_records" categoryValueRef="CV_records" />
+    <bpmn:group id="Grp_review" categoryValueRef="CV_review" />
+    <bpmn:group id="Grp_decision" categoryValueRef="CV_decision" />
+    <bpmn:group id="Grp_post" categoryValueRef="CV_post" />
+    <bpmn:textAnnotation id="Ann_overview"><bpmn:text>This diagram models the statutory expungement process under Va. Code 19.2-392.2 as amended effective July 1, 2026. Expungement removes the police and court records of a charge from public access; sealed records may be disseminated only as allowed by 19.2-392.3.</bpmn:text></bpmn:textAnnotation>
+    <bpmn:textAnnotation id="Ann_nofee"><bpmn:text>Effective 7/1/2026 no filing fees or costs are charged. Petitions filed before that date that paid costs are refunded by the clerk (17.1-275).</bpmn:text></bpmn:textAnnotation>
+    <bpmn:textAnnotation id="Ann_statutes"><bpmn:text>Key authorities: 19.2-392.2 (expungement); 19.2-392.3 (dissemination of sealed records); 9.1-134 (State Police removal procedure); 2.2-402 (absolute pardon); 19.2-327.5 / 19.2-327.13 (writ of actual innocence); 19.2-151 (accord & satisfaction).</bpmn:text></bpmn:textAnnotation>
+    <bpmn:textAnnotation id="Ann_party"><bpmn:text>The Commonwealth is the party defendant. If the Attorney for the Commonwealth files no objection within 21 days, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.</bpmn:text></bpmn:textAnnotation>
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+====== Expungement of Police and Court Records (Va. Code § 19.2-392.2) ======
+This page models the **record expungement** process in Virginia as amended effective **July 1, 2026**. Expungement removes the police and court records of a charge from public access so that, in the eyes of the law, the event is treated as if it never occurred. Sealed records may afterward be disseminated only in the limited circumstances allowed by [[virginia_expungement_dissemination|§ 19.2-392.3]].
+See also: [[virginia_criminal_procedure|Virginia Criminal Procedure]] · [[virginia|Virginia]] · [[jurisdictions|Jurisdictions]]
+===== Who can file =====
+A person may petition for expungement when one of the following **triggering events** occurs:
+  * A charge is resolved by **acquittal, nolle prosequi, or dismissal** — including dismissal upon [[accord_and_satisfaction|accord & satisfaction (§ 19.2-151)]].
+  * The petitioner's **identity was used by another person** without consent in a charge or arrest.
+  * At dismissal, the court finds the **arrestee is not the person named** in the charge.
+  * The petitioner receives an **absolute pardon** for a crime not committed ([[absolute_pardon|§ 2.2-402]]).
+  * A court enters a **writ vacating a conviction** ([[writ_of_actual_innocence|§ 19.2-327.5 / § 19.2-327.13]]).
+===== The process, step by step =====
+  - **Prepare and file the petition** in the [[circuit_court|circuit court]] for the jurisdiction where the charge was disposed of. Attach the warrant, summons, or indictment if available and state the required facts. See [[expungement_petition|how to prepare an expungement petition]].
+  - **Obtain criminal-history records.** Request that the [[ccre|Central Criminal Records Exchange (CCRE)]] electronically forward the petitioner's Virginia criminal history to the court, and obtain one complete set of [[fingerprinting|fingerprints]] from a law-enforcement agency.
+  - **The CCRE / [[virginia_state_police|Department of State Police]]** forwards the criminal-history record (and fingerprints) to the court under seal and, where applicable, directs the manner of removal under [[record_removal_procedure|§ 9.1-134]] — validating record accuracy, not eligibility.
+  - **The clerk dockets** the petition and serves a copy on the [[attorney_for_the_commonwealth|Attorney for the Commonwealth]], keeping pleadings under seal.
+  - **Commonwealth review (21 days).** The Commonwealth is the party defendant. If it files no objection within 21 days (and, for a felony, stipulates [[manifest_injustice|manifest injustice]]), the court may grant the petition **without a hearing**. Otherwise the court holds a [[expungement_hearing|hearing]].
+  - **Court decision.** For a misdemeanor or civil offense where the petitioner has no prior record, expungement is entered unless the Commonwealth shows good cause. In other cases the petitioner must show manifest injustice. The court enters an order of expungement or denies the petition; an aggrieved party may [[civil_appeal|appeal as in civil cases]].
+  - **Post-order.** The clerk forwards the order to the [[virginia_state_police|Department of State Police]], refunds any costs paid on pre-7/1/2026 petitions ([[court_costs|§ 17.1-275]]), and the records are sealed. An order may be **voided on motion within three years** if procedures were not followed or it is contrary to law.
+===== Roles (swimlanes) =====
+  * [[petitioner|Petitioner (and counsel)]]
+  * [[law_enforcement_agency|Law-enforcement agency]]
+  * [[ccre|CCRE / Department of State Police]]
+  * [[circuit_court|Circuit Court (clerk & judge)]]
+  * [[attorney_for_the_commonwealth|Attorney for the Commonwealth]]
+===== Key statutes =====
+  * [[va_code_19.2-392.2|§ 19.2-392.2]] — Expungement of police and court records
+  * [[virginia_expungement_dissemination|§ 19.2-392.3]] — Dissemination of expunged/sealed records
+  * [[record_removal_procedure|§ 9.1-134]] — State Police removal procedure
+  * [[absolute_pardon|§ 2.2-402]] — Absolute pardon
+  * [[writ_of_actual_innocence|§ 19.2-327.5 / § 19.2-327.13]] — Writ of actual innocence
+  * [[accord_and_satisfaction|§ 19.2-151]] — Accord & satisfaction
+  * [[court_costs|§ 17.1-275]] — Costs and refunds