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====== Start a business in Texas (LLC filing path) ======

**Texas · How do I start a business?** · state model checked by Claude · quality 1.00

//Generated by [[https://github.com/alibama/lexflow|lexflow]] from the state statutes (open-us-law, government publisher text) and checked by Claude: every quoted phrase was matched word for word against the statute text, and the process passed the BPMN/DMN schemas, bpmnlint and a Petri-net soundness check. Information, not legal advice.//

**Governing law:** [[https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/BO/htm/BO.3.htm#3.001|Tex. Business Organizations Code § 3.001]] — FORMATION AND EXISTENCE OF FILING ENTITIES.

===== Process map =====

<bpmnio type="bpmn">
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<bpmn:definitions xmlns:bpmn="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL" xmlns:bpmndi="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/DI" xmlns:dc="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DC" xmlns:di="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DI" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:lex="https://lexipedia.xyz/ns/lex/1.0" xmlns:spiffworkflow="http://spiffworkflow.org/bpmn/schema/1.0/core" xmlns:camunda="http://camunda.org/schema/1.0/bpmn" id="defs_tx_business" name="Start a business in Texas (LLC filing path)" targetNamespace="https://lexipedia.xyz/ns/process/tx_business" exporter="lexflow" exporterVersion="0.3.0">
  <bpmn:message id="msg_each_organizer_signs_certificate_of_formation" name="Each organizer signs certificate of formation"/>
  <bpmn:message id="msg_deliver_certificate_of_formation" name="Deliver certificate of formation"/>
  <bpmn:message id="msg_collect_the_300_filing_fee" name="Collect the $300 filing fee"/>
  <bpmn:message id="msg_deliver_written_acknowledgment_of_filing" name="Deliver written acknowledgment of filing"/>
  <bpmn:message id="msg_company_files_assumed_name_certificate" name="Company files assumed name certificate"/>
  <bpmn:message id="msg_collect_the_25_assumed_name_fee" name="Collect the $25 assumed name fee"/>
  <bpmn:collaboration id="collab_tx_business" name="Start a business in Texas (LLC filing path)">
    <bpmn:documentation textFormat="text/plain">Someone wants to start a business, here as a limited liability company</bpmn:documentation>
    <bpmn:extensionElements>
      <lex:model id="tx-business" jurisdiction="tx" jurisdictionName="Texas" reviewStatus="draft" method="gold-manual">
        <lex:gap>Only the LLC filing path is modelled step by step. The same Chapter 4 path (sign, deliver, pay, review under § 4.002, file, acknowledge) applies to every filing entity in the table (nonprofit, for-profit and professional corporations, professional associations and LLCs, limited partnerships), since § 3.001(a) sends every certificate of formation through Chapter 4; only the supplemental contents (§§ 3.007, 3.009, 3.011, 3.014) and the fees differ. Those supplemental contents are not checked step by step.</lex:gap>
        <lex:gap>certificate_conforms checks the § 3.005(a) contents that apply to an LLC (name and type, purpose, registered office and agent, mailing address, organizers), the § 3.010 management statement, the organizers' signatures (§ 3.004(b), § 4.001(a)(1)) and the fees. It does not check the period of duration, which § 3.005(a)(4) requires only when the entity is not to exist perpetually, the plan-of-conversion or merger statement (§ 3.005(a)(8)), or the organizers' capacity to contract (§ 3.004(a)).</lex:gap>
        <lex:gap>§ 4.002 says what the secretary of state does when a certificate conforms, but not what happens when it does not (no rejection notice, reasons or deadline for review are stated in the printed sections), so a non-conforming certificate simply ends the path; the secretary of state's rules under § 12.001 are not modelled.</lex:gap>
        <lex:gap>Existence begins when the filing takes effect (§ 3.001(c)); filings take effect on filing unless a delayed effective date is used (§§ 4.051, 4.052, not printed here). The flow is a single path, so both outcomes are drawn at its end: llc_exists after the acknowledgment, or llc_exists_assumed_name_filed after the assumed name filing. On both, existence dates from file_certificate; neither the acknowledgment nor the assumed name filing is a precondition of existence. The assumed name filing is a separate obligation that arises from doing business under an assumed name (Bus. &amp; Com. Code § 71.101), not from the acknowledgment; it is drawn after the acknowledgment and ends at its own outcome. It is not drawn as a parallel branch from file_certificate because a parallel split with no join leaves the process net unsound.</lex:gap>
        <lex:gap>assumed_name_required is true when either clause of Bus. &amp; Com. Code § 71.101 applies: the company regularly does business or renders professional services in Texas under an assumed name (clause (1)), or it is required by law to use one (clause (2)). The company files with the secretary of state (§ 71.103(a)) for $25 (§ 71.155(b)(1)); the certificate's contents are not modelled. Sole proprietors and general partnerships file instead with the county clerk of each county where they keep business premises, or where they do business if they keep none (§ 71.054), for the county fees in § 71.155(a). What counts as an 'assumed name' is defined in § 71.002, not printed here. Using a name other than the one in the certificate of formation without filing can carry consequences under Chapter 71 that are not modelled.</lex:gap>
        <lex:gap>Name availability and optional name reservation (Chapter 5; $40 to reserve a name under § 4.151(2)) are not modelled.</lex:gap>
        <lex:gap>Texas has no general state or local business licence comparable to Virginia's BPOL; state tax registration (e.g. a sales and use tax permit, Tax Code Chapter 151; franchise tax, Tax Code Chapter 171), occupational licences and local permits are outside the printed sections and not modelled.</lex:gap>
        <lex:gap>Nonprofit corporation status is a state corporate form, not tax exemption; federal 501(c) status is outside the Texas codes and not modelled.</lex:gap>
        <lex:gap>Professionals are not required to use a professional entity, and a professional entity may provide only one type of professional service unless state law regulating it expressly allows more (§ 2.004, not printed here); who may own a professional entity (Title 7, Chapter 301 and following) is not modelled. The professional association fee is $750 (§ 4.156(1)); professional corporation fees follow § 4.152 (§ 4.157).</lex:gap>
        <lex:gap>The limited partnership row does not model the liability rules for limited and general partners (Chapter 153, not printed here); § 3.011(a) requires a partnership agreement as well as the certificate, and each general partner, not each organizer, signs a limited partnership's certificate (§ 3.004(b)(1)). The LLP option for a general partnership also requires compliance with § 152.803 (not printed here), and its fee is $200 for each partner (§ 4.158(1)); annual LLP reports (§ 152.806, fee in § 4.158(2)) and LP periodic reports are not modelled.</lex:gap>
        <lex:gap>A general partnership is created by conduct, not filing (§ 152.051(b)); the factors for deciding whether a partnership exists (§ 152.052) are not modelled.</lex:gap>
        <lex:gap>The business_structure table is guidance, not statute, in how it picks a structure: no cited section makes the wish for limited liability, outside investors or passive co-owners a legal test for choosing an entity. Each rule's source is the statute that governs forming that structure (its certificate contents, or for a sole proprietorship the assumed name statute), not a selection rule. Only two rows rest on legally determinative facts: two or more persons carrying on a business for profit as owners form a general partnership whether or not they intend to (§ 152.051(b)), and the nonprofit row applies the nonprofit corporation's certificate contents (§ 3.009). Founders may lawfully choose any structure whose requirements they meet.</lex:gap>
        <lex:actor id="organizer" name="Organizer (founder)" kind="private-party"/>
        <lex:actor id="secretary_of_state" name="Secretary of State" kind="public-body"/>
        <lex:actor id="llc" name="Limited liability company" kind="private-party"/>
      </lex:model>
    </bpmn:extensionElements>
    <bpmn:participant id="p_agency" name="Secretary of State" processRef="proc_tx_business">
      <bpmn:extensionElements>
        <lex:actor ref="secretary_of_state"/>
      </bpmn:extensionElements>
    </bpmn:participant>
    <bpmn:participant id="p_organizer" name="Organizer (founder)">
      <bpmn:extensionElements>
        <lex:actor ref="organizer"/>
      </bpmn:extensionElements>
    </bpmn:participant>
    <bpmn:participant id="p_llc" name="Limited liability company">
      <bpmn:extensionElements>
        <lex:actor ref="llc"/>
      </bpmn:extensionElements>
    </bpmn:participant>
    <bpmn:messageFlow id="mf_sign_certificate" name="Each organizer signs certificate of formation" sourceRef="p_organizer" targetRef="sign_certificate"/>
    <bpmn:messageFlow id="mf_deliver_certificate" name="Deliver certificate of formation" sourceRef="p_organizer" targetRef="deliver_certificate"/>
    <bpmn:messageFlow id="mf_deliver_acknowledgment" name="Deliver written acknowledgment of filing" sourceRef="deliver_acknowledgment" targetRef="p_organizer"/>
    <bpmn:messageFlow id="mf_file_assumed_name" name="Company files assumed name certificate" sourceRef="p_llc" targetRef="file_assumed_name"/>
  </bpmn:collaboration>
  <bpmn:process id="proc_tx_business" name="Start a business in Texas (LLC filing path)" isExecutable="true">
    <bpmn:laneSet id="proc_tx_business_lanes">
      <bpmn:lane id="ln_secretary_of_state" name="Secretary of State">
        <bpmn:extensionElements>
          <lex:actor ref="secretary_of_state"/>
        </bpmn:extensionElements>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>start</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>sign_certificate</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>deliver_certificate</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>collect_fee</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>review_certificate</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>file_certificate</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>deliver_acknowledgment</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>file_assumed_name</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>collect_assumed_name_fee</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>llc_exists</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>llc_exists_assumed_name_filed</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>review_certificate_gw</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>review_certificate_not_file_certificate</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
        <bpmn:flowNodeRef>deliver_acknowledgment_gw</bpmn:flowNodeRef>
      </bpmn:lane>
    </bpmn:laneSet>
    <bpmn:startEvent id="start" name="Someone wants to start a business, here as a limited liabili">
      <bpmn:documentation textFormat="text/plain">Tex. Business Organizations Code § 3.001(a): “to form a filing entity, a certificate of formation complying with Sections 3.003, 3.004, and 3.005 must be filed in accordance with Chapter 4”</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:extensionElements>
        <lex:grounding>
          <lex:source citation="Tex. Business Organizations Code § 3.001(a)" section="3.001" subsection="a" code="Tex. Business Organizations Code" jurisdiction="tx" grounding="explicit" url="https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/BO/htm/BO.3.htm#3.001">
            <lex:quote>to form a filing entity, a certificate of formation complying with Sections 3.003, 3.004, and 3.005 must be filed in accordance with Chapter 4</lex:quote>
          </lex:source>
        </lex:grounding>
      </bpmn:extensionElements>
      <bpmn:outgoing>sf1</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:startEvent>
    <bpmn:intermediateCatchEvent id="sign_certificate" name="Each organizer signs certificate of formation">
      <bpmn:documentation textFormat="text/plain">Tex. Business Organizations Code § 3.004(b): “Each organizer of a filing entity must sign the certificate of formation of the filing entity”</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:extensionElements>
        <lex:grounding>
          <lex:source citation="Tex. Business Organizations Code § 3.004(b)" section="3.004" subsection="b" code="Tex. Business Organizations Code" jurisdiction="tx" grounding="explicit" url="https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/BO/htm/BO.3.htm#3.004">
            <lex:quote>Each organizer of a filing entity must sign the certificate of formation of the filing entity</lex:quote>
          </lex:source>
        </lex:grounding>
        <lex:norm modality="obligation" bearer="organizer"/>
      </bpmn:extensionElements>
      <bpmn:incoming>sf1</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>sf2</bpmn:outgoing>
      <bpmn:messageEventDefinition id="sign_certificate_def" messageRef="msg_each_organizer_signs_certificate_of_formation"/>
    </bpmn:intermediateCatchEvent>
    <bpmn:intermediateCatchEvent id="deliver_certificate" name="Deliver certificate of formation">
      <bpmn:documentation textFormat="text/plain">Tex. Business Organizations Code § 4.001(a)(2): “delivered to the secretary of state in person or by mail, courier, electronic transmission, or any other method approved by the secretary of state”</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:extensionElements>
        <lex:grounding>
          <lex:source citation="Tex. Business Organizations Code § 4.001(a)(2)" section="4.001" subsection="a.2" code="Tex. Business Organizations Code" jurisdiction="tx" grounding="explicit" url="https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/BO/htm/BO.4.htm#4.001">
            <lex:quote>delivered to the secretary of state in person or by mail, courier, electronic transmission, or any other method approved by the secretary of state</lex:quote>
          </lex:source>
        </lex:grounding>
        <lex:norm modality="obligation" bearer="organizer"/>
      </bpmn:extensionElements>
      <bpmn:incoming>sf2</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>sf3</bpmn:outgoing>
      <bpmn:messageEventDefinition id="deliver_certificate_def" messageRef="msg_deliver_certificate_of_formation"/>
    </bpmn:intermediateCatchEvent>
    <bpmn:receiveTask id="collect_fee" name="Collect the $300 filing fee" messageRef="msg_collect_the_300_filing_fee">
      <bpmn:documentation textFormat="text/plain">Tex. Business Organizations Code § 4.154: “For a filing by or for a limited liability company, the secretary of state shall impose the same fee as the filing fee for a similar instrument under Section 4.152.”</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:extensionElements>
        <lex:grounding>
          <lex:source citation="Tex. Business Organizations Code § 4.154" section="4.154" code="Tex. Business Organizations Code" jurisdiction="tx" grounding="explicit" url="https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/BO/htm/BO.4.htm#4.154">
            <lex:quote>For a filing by or for a limited liability company, the secretary of state shall impose the same fee as the filing fee for a similar instrument under Section 4.152.</lex:quote>
          </lex:source>
        </lex:grounding>
        <lex:norm modality="obligation" bearer="secretary_of_state"/>
      </bpmn:extensionElements>
      <bpmn:incoming>sf3</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>sf4</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:receiveTask>
    <bpmn:businessRuleTask id="review_certificate" name="Check certificate and fees" camunda:decisionRef="certificate_conforms">
      <bpmn:documentation textFormat="text/plain">Tex. Business Organizations Code § 4.002(a): “If the secretary of state finds that a filing instrument delivered under Section 4.001 conforms to the provisions of this code that apply to the entity and to applicable rules adopted under Section 12.001 and that all required fees have been paid”</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:extensionElements>
        <lex:grounding>
          <lex:source citation="Tex. Business Organizations Code § 4.002(a)" section="4.002" subsection="a" code="Tex. Business Organizations Code" jurisdiction="tx" grounding="explicit" url="https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/BO/htm/BO.4.htm#4.002">
            <lex:quote>If the secretary of state finds that a filing instrument delivered under Section 4.001 conforms to the provisions of this code that apply to the entity and to applicable rules adopted under Section 12.001 and that all required fees have been paid</lex:quote>
          </lex:source>
        </lex:grounding>
        <lex:norm modality="obligation" bearer="secretary_of_state"/>
        <spiffworkflow:calledDecisionId>certificate_conforms</spiffworkflow:calledDecisionId>
      </bpmn:extensionElements>
      <bpmn:incoming>sf4</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>sf6</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:businessRuleTask>
    <bpmn:task id="file_certificate" name="File certificate and assign filing date">
      <bpmn:documentation textFormat="text/plain">Tex. Business Organizations Code § 4.002(a)(1): “file the instrument by accepting it into the filing system adopted by the secretary of state and assigning the instrument a date of filing”</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:extensionElements>
        <lex:grounding>
          <lex:source citation="Tex. Business Organizations Code § 4.002(a)(1)" section="4.002" subsection="a.1" code="Tex. Business Organizations Code" jurisdiction="tx" grounding="explicit" url="https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/BO/htm/BO.4.htm#4.002">
            <lex:quote>file the instrument by accepting it into the filing system adopted by the secretary of state and assigning the instrument a date of filing</lex:quote>
          </lex:source>
        </lex:grounding>
        <lex:norm modality="obligation" bearer="secretary_of_state"/>
      </bpmn:extensionElements>
      <bpmn:incoming>sf7</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>sf8</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:task>
    <bpmn:sendTask id="deliver_acknowledgment" name="Deliver written acknowledgment of filing" messageRef="msg_deliver_written_acknowledgment_of_filing">
      <bpmn:documentation textFormat="text/plain">Tex. Business Organizations Code § 4.002(a)(2): “deliver a written acknowledgment of filing to the entity or its representative”</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:extensionElements>
        <lex:grounding>
          <lex:source citation="Tex. Business Organizations Code § 4.002(a)(2)" section="4.002" subsection="a.2" code="Tex. Business Organizations Code" jurisdiction="tx" grounding="explicit" url="https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/BO/htm/BO.4.htm#4.002">
            <lex:quote>deliver a written acknowledgment of filing to the entity or its representative</lex:quote>
          </lex:source>
        </lex:grounding>
        <lex:norm modality="obligation" bearer="secretary_of_state"/>
      </bpmn:extensionElements>
      <bpmn:incoming>sf8</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>sf9</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:sendTask>
    <bpmn:intermediateCatchEvent id="file_assumed_name" name="Company files assumed name certificate">
      <bpmn:documentation textFormat="text/plain">Tex. Business &amp; Commerce Code § 71.103(a): “required to file a certificate under Section 71.101 shall file the certificate in the office of the secretary of state”</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:extensionElements>
        <lex:grounding>
          <lex:source citation="Tex. Business &amp; Commerce Code § 71.103(a)" section="71.103" subsection="a" code="Tex. Business &amp; Commerce Code" jurisdiction="tx" grounding="explicit" url="https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/BC/htm/BC.71.htm#71.103">
            <lex:quote>required to file a certificate under Section 71.101 shall file the certificate in the office of the secretary of state</lex:quote>
          </lex:source>
        </lex:grounding>
        <lex:norm modality="obligation" bearer="llc"/>
      </bpmn:extensionElements>
      <bpmn:incoming>sf10</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>sf12</bpmn:outgoing>
      <bpmn:messageEventDefinition id="file_assumed_name_def" messageRef="msg_company_files_assumed_name_certificate"/>
    </bpmn:intermediateCatchEvent>
    <bpmn:receiveTask id="collect_assumed_name_fee" name="Collect the $25 assumed name fee" messageRef="msg_collect_the_25_assumed_name_fee">
      <bpmn:documentation textFormat="text/plain">Tex. Business &amp; Commerce Code § 71.155(b)(1): “$25 for indexing and filing each certificate or statement required or permitted to be filed under this chapter”</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:extensionElements>
        <lex:grounding>
          <lex:source citation="Tex. Business &amp; Commerce Code § 71.155(b)(1)" section="71.155" subsection="b.1" code="Tex. Business &amp; Commerce Code" jurisdiction="tx" grounding="explicit" url="https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/BC/htm/BC.71.htm#71.155">
            <lex:quote>$25 for indexing and filing each certificate or statement required or permitted to be filed under this chapter</lex:quote>
          </lex:source>
        </lex:grounding>
        <lex:norm modality="obligation" bearer="secretary_of_state"/>
      </bpmn:extensionElements>
      <bpmn:incoming>sf12</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>sf13</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:receiveTask>
    <bpmn:endEvent id="llc_exists" name="The LLC exists from the date its certificate of formation wa">
      <bpmn:documentation textFormat="text/plain">Tex. Business Organizations Code § 3.001(c): “The existence of a filing entity commences when the filing of the certificate of formation takes effect as provided by Chapter 4.”</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:extensionElements>
        <lex:grounding>
          <lex:source citation="Tex. Business Organizations Code § 3.001(c)" section="3.001" subsection="c" code="Tex. Business Organizations Code" jurisdiction="tx" grounding="explicit" url="https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/BO/htm/BO.3.htm#3.001">
            <lex:quote>The existence of a filing entity commences when the filing of the certificate of formation takes effect as provided by Chapter 4.</lex:quote>
          </lex:source>
        </lex:grounding>
      </bpmn:extensionElements>
      <bpmn:incoming>sf11</bpmn:incoming>
    </bpmn:endEvent>
    <bpmn:endEvent id="llc_exists_assumed_name_filed" name="The LLC exists from its filing date; its assumed name certif">
      <bpmn:documentation textFormat="text/plain">Tex. Business Organizations Code § 3.001(c): “The existence of a filing entity commences when the filing of the certificate of formation takes effect as provided by Chapter 4.”</bpmn:documentation>
      <bpmn:extensionElements>
        <lex:grounding>
          <lex:source citation="Tex. Business Organizations Code § 3.001(c)" section="3.001" subsection="c" code="Tex. Business Organizations Code" jurisdiction="tx" grounding="explicit" url="https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/BO/htm/BO.3.htm#3.001">
            <lex:quote>The existence of a filing entity commences when the filing of the certificate of formation takes effect as provided by Chapter 4.</lex:quote>
          </lex:source>
        </lex:grounding>
      </bpmn:extensionElements>
      <bpmn:incoming>sf13</bpmn:incoming>
    </bpmn:endEvent>
    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="review_certificate_gw" name="certificate ok?" default="sf5" gatewayDirection="Diverging">
      <bpmn:incoming>sf6</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>sf7</bpmn:outgoing>
      <bpmn:outgoing>sf5</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
    <bpmn:endEvent id="review_certificate_not_file_certificate" name="Not certificate ok">
      <bpmn:incoming>sf5</bpmn:incoming>
    </bpmn:endEvent>
    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="deliver_acknowledgment_gw" name="Which path?" default="sf11" gatewayDirection="Diverging">
      <bpmn:incoming>sf9</bpmn:incoming>
      <bpmn:outgoing>sf10</bpmn:outgoing>
      <bpmn:outgoing>sf11</bpmn:outgoing>
    </bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="sf1" sourceRef="start" targetRef="sign_certificate"/>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="sf2" sourceRef="sign_certificate" targetRef="deliver_certificate"/>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="sf3" sourceRef="deliver_certificate" targetRef="collect_fee"/>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="sf4" sourceRef="collect_fee" targetRef="review_certificate"/>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="sf6" sourceRef="review_certificate" targetRef="review_certificate_gw"/>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="sf7" name="Yes" sourceRef="review_certificate_gw" targetRef="file_certificate">
      <bpmn:conditionExpression xsi:type="bpmn:tFormalExpression">certificate_ok</bpmn:conditionExpression>
    </bpmn:sequenceFlow>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="sf5" name="No" sourceRef="review_certificate_gw" targetRef="review_certificate_not_file_certificate"/>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="sf8" sourceRef="file_certificate" targetRef="deliver_acknowledgment"/>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="sf9" sourceRef="deliver_acknowledgment" targetRef="deliver_acknowledgment_gw"/>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="sf10" name="assumed name required" sourceRef="deliver_acknowledgment_gw" targetRef="file_assumed_name">
      <bpmn:conditionExpression xsi:type="bpmn:tFormalExpression">assumed_name_required</bpmn:conditionExpression>
    </bpmn:sequenceFlow>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="sf11" name="otherwise" sourceRef="deliver_acknowledgment_gw" targetRef="llc_exists"/>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="sf12" sourceRef="file_assumed_name" targetRef="collect_assumed_name_fee"/>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="sf13" sourceRef="collect_assumed_name_fee" targetRef="llc_exists_assumed_name_filed"/>
  </bpmn:process>
<bpmndi:BPMNDiagram id="BPMNDiagram_collab_tx_business">
    <bpmndi:BPMNPlane id="BPMNPlane_collab_tx_business" bpmnElement="collab_tx_business">
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="BPMNShape_p_agency" bpmnElement="p_agency" isHorizontal="true">
        <dc:Bounds x="80" y="220" width="1990" height="560"/>
      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="BPMNShape_p_organizer" bpmnElement="p_organizer" isHorizontal="true">
        <dc:Bounds x="274" y="80" width="1114" height="60"/>
      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
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===== Steps and the words they come from =====

  - **Each organizer signs certificate of formation** — Organizer (founder) · //obligation// (§ 3.004(b)) \\ “//Each organizer of a filing entity must sign the certificate of formation of the filing entity//”
  - **Deliver certificate of formation** — Organizer (founder) · //obligation// (§ 4.001(a)(2)) \\ “//delivered to the secretary of state in person or by mail, courier, electronic transmission, or any other method approved by the secretary of state//”
  - **Collect the $300 filing fee** — Secretary of State · //obligation// (§ 4.154) \\ “//For a filing by or for a limited liability company, the secretary of state shall impose the same fee as the filing fee for a similar instrument under Section 4.152.//”
  - **Check certificate and fees** — Secretary of State · //obligation// (§ 4.002(a)) \\ “//If the secretary of state finds that a filing instrument delivered under Section 4.001 conforms to the provisions of this code that apply to the entity and to applicable rules adopted under Section 12.001 and that all required fees have been paid//”
  - **File certificate and assign filing date** — Secretary of State · //obligation// (§ 4.002(a)(1)) \\ “//file the instrument by accepting it into the filing system adopted by the secretary of state and assigning the instrument a date of filing//”
  - **Deliver written acknowledgment of filing** — Secretary of State · //obligation// (§ 4.002(a)(2)) \\ “//deliver a written acknowledgment of filing to the entity or its representative//”
  - **Company files assumed name certificate** — Limited liability company · //obligation// (§ 71.103(a)) \\ “//required to file a certificate under Section 71.101 shall file the certificate in the office of the secretary of state//”
  - **Collect the $25 assumed name fee** — Secretary of State · //obligation// (§ 71.155(b)(1)) \\ “//$25 for indexing and filing each certificate or statement required or permitted to be filed under this chapter//”

===== Does the certificate of formation conform? =====

Decision table (DMN), hit policy FIRST.

^ Name and type of entity stated (§ 3.005(a)(1)-(2)) ^ Purpose or purposes stated (§ 3.005(a)(3)) ^ Registered office street address and registered agent named (§ 3.005(a)(5)) ^ Initial mailing address given (§ 3.005(a)(6)) ^ Name and address of each organizer given (§ 3.005(a)(7)(A)) ^ States whether it has managers, and names the initial managers or members (§ 3.010) ^ Signed by each organizer (§ 3.004(b); § 4.001(a)(1)) ^ Required fees paid ^ → Certificate conforms ^ Source ^
| false | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | false | § 3.005(a)(1) |
| - | false | - | - | - | - | - | - | false | § 3.005(a)(3) |
| - | - | false | - | - | - | - | - | false | § 3.005(a)(5) |
| - | - | - | false | - | - | - | - | false | § 3.005(a)(6) |
| - | - | - | - | false | - | - | - | false | § 3.005(a)(7)(A) |
| - | - | - | - | - | false | - | - | false | § 3.010(1) |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | false | - | false | § 4.001(a)(1) |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | false | false | § 4.002(a) |
| true | true | true | true | true | true | true | true | true | § 4.002(a)(1) |

===== Which business structure fits, and what must be filed with the state? =====

Decision table (DMN), hit policy FIRST.

^ Organized for a nonprofit or charitable purpose ^ Owners render a licensed professional service ^ Number of owners ^ Owners want protection from the business's debts ^ Plans to sell shares to outside investors ^ Some co-owners will be passive investors only ^ → Business structure ^ → What is filed, and where ^ → State filing fee ^ Source ^
| true | - | - | - | - | - | Nonprofit corporation | Certificate of formation (with the § 3.009 statements on members, management and initial directors), filed with the secretary of state | $25 (§ 4.153(1)) | § 3.009 |
| false | true | - | true | - | - | Professional entity: a professional corporation, professional limited liability company or professional association; its certificate of formation must state the type of professional service it provides and which of the three it is (§ 3.014) | Certificate of formation, filed with the secretary of state | Professional corporation: $300 (§ 4.157, applying § 4.152(1)); professional LLC: $300 (§ 4.154, applying § 4.152(1)); professional association: $750 (§ 4.156(1)) | § 3.014 |
| false | - | - | true | true | - | For-profit corporation | Certificate of formation stating the shares the corporation is authorized to issue and its initial directors (§ 3.007), filed with the secretary of state | $300 (§ 4.152(1)) | § 3.007(a)(1) |
| false | - | %%>%%= 2 | true | - | true | Limited partnership (the partners must enter into a partnership agreement; general partners are named in the certificate) | Certificate of formation naming each general partner (§ 3.005(a)(7)(B)) and the principal office where records are kept (§ 3.011%%(c)%%), filed with the secretary of state | $750 (§ 4.155(1)) | § 3.011(a) |
| false | - | - | true | - | - | Limited liability company | Certificate of formation, filed with the secretary of state | $300 (§ 4.154, applying § 4.152(1)) | § 3.010 |
| false | - | 1 | false | - | - | Sole proprietorship | No formation filing; an owner who regularly does business under an assumed name must file an assumed name certificate with the county clerk of each county where the business keeps premises, or where it does business if it has none (Bus. & Com. Code §§ 71.051, 71.054) | None to form; $2 per assumed name certificate plus 50 cents for each name indexed, paid to the county clerk, if trading under an assumed name (Bus. & Com. Code § 71.155(a)) | § 71.051 |
| false | - | %%>%%= 2 | false | - | - | General partnership | No formation filing: two or more persons carrying on a business for profit as owners create a partnership, whether or not they intend to (§ 152.051(b)). A partnership regularly doing business under an assumed name files an assumed name certificate with the county clerk (Bus. & Com. Code §§ 71.051, 71.054). Optionally, the partnership may become a limited liability partnership by filing an application for registration with the secretary of state, signed by a majority-in-interest of the partners or partners they authorize (§ 152.802(a), (b)) | None to form; $2 per assumed name certificate plus 50 cents for each name indexed, paid to the county clerk, if trading under an assumed name (Bus. & Com. Code § 71.155(a)); $200 for each partner for an optional limited liability partnership application (§ 4.158(1)) | § 152.051(b) |

===== What the text leaves open =====

  * Only the LLC filing path is modelled step by step. The same Chapter 4 path (sign, deliver, pay, review under § 4.002, file, acknowledge) applies to every filing entity in the table (nonprofit, for-profit and professional corporations, professional associations and LLCs, limited partnerships), since § 3.001(a) sends every certificate of formation through Chapter 4; only the supplemental contents (§§ 3.007, 3.009, 3.011, 3.014) and the fees differ. Those supplemental contents are not checked step by step.
  * certificate_conforms checks the § 3.005(a) contents that apply to an LLC (name and type, purpose, registered office and agent, mailing address, organizers), the § 3.010 management statement, the organizers' signatures (§ 3.004(b), § 4.001(a)(1)) and the fees. It does not check the period of duration, which § 3.005(a)(4) requires only when the entity is not to exist perpetually, the plan-of-conversion or merger statement (§ 3.005(a)(8)), or the organizers' capacity to contract (§ 3.004(a)).
  * § 4.002 says what the secretary of state does when a certificate conforms, but not what happens when it does not (no rejection notice, reasons or deadline for review are stated in the printed sections), so a non-conforming certificate simply ends the path; the secretary of state's rules under § 12.001 are not modelled.
  * Existence begins when the filing takes effect (§ 3.001%%(c)%%); filings take effect on filing unless a delayed effective date is used (§§ 4.051, 4.052, not printed here). The flow is a single path, so both outcomes are drawn at its end: llc_exists after the acknowledgment, or llc_exists_assumed_name_filed after the assumed name filing. On both, existence dates from file_certificate; neither the acknowledgment nor the assumed name filing is a precondition of existence. The assumed name filing is a separate obligation that arises from doing business under an assumed name (Bus. & Com. Code § 71.101), not from the acknowledgment; it is drawn after the acknowledgment and ends at its own outcome. It is not drawn as a parallel branch from file_certificate because a parallel split with no join leaves the process net unsound.
  * assumed_name_required is true when either clause of Bus. & Com. Code § 71.101 applies: the company regularly does business or renders professional services in Texas under an assumed name (clause (1)), or it is required by law to use one (clause (2)). The company files with the secretary of state (§ 71.103(a)) for $25 (§ 71.155(b)(1)); the certificate's contents are not modelled. Sole proprietors and general partnerships file instead with the county clerk of each county where they keep business premises, or where they do business if they keep none (§ 71.054), for the county fees in § 71.155(a). What counts as an 'assumed name' is defined in § 71.002, not printed here. Using a name other than the one in the certificate of formation without filing can carry consequences under Chapter 71 that are not modelled.
  * Name availability and optional name reservation (Chapter 5; $40 to reserve a name under § 4.151(2)) are not modelled.
  * Texas has no general state or local business licence comparable to Virginia's BPOL; state tax registration (e.g. a sales and use tax permit, Tax Code Chapter 151; franchise tax, Tax Code Chapter 171), occupational licences and local permits are outside the printed sections and not modelled.
  * Nonprofit corporation status is a state corporate form, not tax exemption; federal 501%%(c)%% status is outside the Texas codes and not modelled.
  * Professionals are not required to use a professional entity, and a professional entity may provide only one type of professional service unless state law regulating it expressly allows more (§ 2.004, not printed here); who may own a professional entity (Title 7, Chapter 301 and following) is not modelled. The professional association fee is $750 (§ 4.156(1)); professional corporation fees follow § 4.152 (§ 4.157).
  * The limited partnership row does not model the liability rules for limited and general partners (Chapter 153, not printed here); § 3.011(a) requires a partnership agreement as well as the certificate, and each general partner, not each organizer, signs a limited partnership's certificate (§ 3.004(b)(1)). The LLP option for a general partnership also requires compliance with § 152.803 (not printed here), and its fee is $200 for each partner (§ 4.158(1)); annual LLP reports (§ 152.806, fee in § 4.158(2)) and LP periodic reports are not modelled.
  * A general partnership is created by conduct, not filing (§ 152.051(b)); the factors for deciding whether a partnership exists (§ 152.052) are not modelled.
  * The business_structure table is guidance, not statute, in how it picks a structure: no cited section makes the wish for limited liability, outside investors or passive co-owners a legal test for choosing an entity. Each rule's source is the statute that governs forming that structure (its certificate contents, or for a sole proprietorship the assumed name statute), not a selection rule. Only two rows rest on legally determinative facts: two or more persons carrying on a business for profit as owners form a general partnership whether or not they intend to (§ 152.051(b)), and the nonprofit row applies the nonprofit corporation's certificate contents (§ 3.009). Founders may lawfully choose any structure whose requirements they meet.

===== Checks =====

  * Quotes checked word for word: 27 (0 not exact)
  * BPMN / DMN schema errors: 0 / 0; bpmnlint errors: 0
  * Petri nets sound: 1 of 1
  * Sections used: Tex. Business Organizations Code § 3.001, Tex. Business Organizations Code § 3.004, Tex. Business Organizations Code § 3.005, Tex. Business Organizations Code § 3.010, Tex. Business Organizations Code § 4.001, Tex. Business Organizations Code § 4.002, Tex. Business Organizations Code § 4.152, Tex. Business Organizations Code § 4.154, Tex. Business Organizations Code § 3.009, Tex. Business Organizations Code § 4.153, Tex. Business Organizations Code § 3.014, Tex. Business Organizations Code § 3.007, Tex. Business Organizations Code § 3.011, Tex. Business Organizations Code § 4.155, Tex. Business Organizations Code § 4.156, Tex. Business Organizations Code § 4.157, Tex. Business Organizations Code § 4.158, Tex. Business Organizations Code § 152.051, Tex. Business Organizations Code § 152.802, Tex. Business & Commerce Code § 71.051, Tex. Business & Commerce Code § 71.054, Tex. Business & Commerce Code § 71.101, Tex. Business & Commerce Code § 71.103, Tex. Business & Commerce Code § 71.155

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