Lexipedia - Process for the people

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====== Charlottesville, Virginia — Regulatory Process Guide ======

This wiki documents civic processes for residents, property owners, and businesses operating in the City of Charlottesville, Virginia. Each section maps a workflow from the [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances|Charlottesville City Code of Ordinances]] as an interactive BPMN process diagram. Use this as a starting point to understand what steps are required, which city departments are involved, and where to find official forms.

**Primary contact:** Neighborhood Development Services (NDS), City Hall, 605 E Main St · (434) 970-3182

----

===== I. Business & Licensing =====

==== Starting a Business in Charlottesville ====

Governed by **Chapter 14 (Licenses)** and **Chapter 34 (Zoning)**. All businesses operating in Charlottesville must obtain a Business License from the Commissioner of Revenue. Additional steps apply depending on business type, location, and whether signage is needed.

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**Key links:**
  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/DocumentCenter/View/4733/Business-License-Application-PDF-CY-2023?bidId=|Business License Application]]
  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/DocumentCenter/View/281/General-Certificate-of-Occupancy-InformationPDF?bidId=|Certificate of Occupancy Information]]
  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/DocumentCenter/View/282/Home-Occupation-Permit-PDF?bidId=|Home Occupation Provisional Use Permit]]
  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH14LI|Chapter 14 — Licenses (Municode)]]

----

===== II. Building & Construction =====

==== Building Permit Process ====

Governed by **Chapter 5 (Building Regulations; Property Maintenance)**. Any new construction, addition, structural repair, or change of occupancy requires a building permit reviewed by the Building Inspections Division of NDS. Projects in historic districts additionally require a Certificate of Appropriateness (COA) from the Board of Architectural Review (BAR) before a permit can be issued.

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      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp_not_historic_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp_not_historic"><di:waypoint x="465" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="560" y="220"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="501" y="202" width="15" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp_bar_done_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp_bar_done"><di:waypoint x="520" y="350"/><di:waypoint x="620" y="350"/><di:waypoint x="620" y="260"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp3_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp3"><di:waypoint x="680" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="740" y="220"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp4_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp4"><di:waypoint x="870" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="935" y="220"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp_permit_issued_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp_permit_issued"><di:waypoint x="985" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="1060" y="220"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="1013" y="202" width="18" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp_corrections_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp_corrections"><di:waypoint x="960" y="245"/><di:waypoint x="960" y="310"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="966" y="267" width="68" height="27"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp_resubmit_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp_resubmit"><di:waypoint x="910" y="350"/><di:waypoint x="805" y="350"/><di:waypoint x="805" y="260"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp5_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp5"><di:waypoint x="1190" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="1250" y="220"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp6_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp6"><di:waypoint x="1390" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="1452" y="220"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
    </bpmndi:BPMNPlane>
  </bpmndi:BPMNDiagram>
</bpmn:definitions>
</bpmnio>

**Key links:**
  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH5BUREPRMA|Chapter 5 — Building Regulations (Municode)]]
  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/161/Building-Inspections|Building Inspections Division]]

==== Electrical Permit &amp; Lamp / Fixture Installation ====

Governed by **Chapter 5** (Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code / NEC) and **Chapter 28 (Streets and Sidewalks)** for public right-of-way work. Fixtures in Historic Overlay Districts require BAR review. All electrical work must be performed by a licensed electrician and pass final inspection before energizing.

<bpmnio type="bpmn">
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<bpmn:definitions xmlns:bpmn="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL" xmlns:bpmndi="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/DI" xmlns:dc="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DC" xmlns:di="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DI" id="ElectricalPermit" targetNamespace="http://bpmn.io/schema/bpmn" exporter="Camunda Modeler" exporterVersion="3.0.0-dev">
  <bpmn:process id="electrical_permit_process" name="Electrical Permit &amp; Lamp Installation" isExecutable="true">
    <bpmn:startEvent id="SE_elec" name="Submit Electrical Permit Application (Ch. 5)"><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e1</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:startEvent>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e1" sourceRef="SE_elec" targetRef="Task_e_scope"/>
    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_e_scope" name="Determine Scope: New Install, Repair, or Upgrade?"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e1</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e2</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e2" sourceRef="Task_e_scope" targetRef="GW_e_public"/>
    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="GW_e_public" name="Public Right-of-Way or Streetlamp?" default="Flow_e_private"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e2</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e_public</bpmn:outgoing><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e_private</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e_public" name="Yes" sourceRef="GW_e_public" targetRef="Task_e_public_works"><bpmn:conditionExpression>isPublic</bpmn:conditionExpression></bpmn:sequenceFlow>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e_private" name="No" sourceRef="GW_e_public" targetRef="Task_e_nec"/>
    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_e_public_works" name="Coordinate with Dept. of Public Works (Ch. 28)"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e_public</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e_pw_done</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e_pw_done" sourceRef="Task_e_public_works" targetRef="GW_e_historic2"/>
    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="GW_e_historic2" name="Historic District?" default="Flow_e_not_hist"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e_pw_done</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e_hist</bpmn:outgoing><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e_not_hist</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e_hist" name="Yes" sourceRef="GW_e_historic2" targetRef="Task_e_bar"><bpmn:conditionExpression>isHistoric</bpmn:conditionExpression></bpmn:sequenceFlow>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e_not_hist" name="No" sourceRef="GW_e_historic2" targetRef="Task_e_nec"/>
    <bpmn:manualTask id="Task_e_bar" name="BAR Review for Fixture Design (§ 34-278)"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e_hist</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e_bar_done</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:manualTask>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e_bar_done" sourceRef="Task_e_bar" targetRef="Task_e_nec"/>
    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_e_nec" name="Plans Reviewed Against NEC / Virginia Electrical Code"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e_private</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e_not_hist</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e_bar_done</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e3</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e3" sourceRef="Task_e_nec" targetRef="Task_e_permit_issue"/>
    <bpmn:manualTask id="Task_e_permit_issue" name="Electrical Permit Issued"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e3</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e4</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:manualTask>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e4" sourceRef="Task_e_permit_issue" targetRef="Task_e_install"/>
    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_e_install" name="Licensed Electrician Performs Installation"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e4</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e5</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e5" sourceRef="Task_e_install" targetRef="Task_e_insp"/>
    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_e_insp" name="Electrical Inspector Conducts Final Inspection"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e5</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e6</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
    <bpmn:endEvent id="EE_elec" name="Inspection Passed — Work Approved"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e6</bpmn:incoming></bpmn:endEvent>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e6" sourceRef="Task_e_insp" targetRef="EE_elec"/>
  </bpmn:process>
  <bpmndi:BPMNDiagram id="BPMNDiagram_elec">
    <bpmndi:BPMNPlane id="BPMNPlane_elec" bpmnElement="electrical_permit_process">
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="SE_elec_di" bpmnElement="SE_elec"><dc:Bounds x="152" y="212" width="36" height="36"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_e_scope_di" bpmnElement="Task_e_scope"><dc:Bounds x="240" y="190" width="130" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="GW_e_public_di" bpmnElement="GW_e_public" isMarkerVisible="true"><dc:Bounds x="430" y="205" width="50" height="50"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="405" y="262" width="100" height="27"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_e_public_works_di" bpmnElement="Task_e_public_works"><dc:Bounds x="560" y="80" width="140" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="GW_e_historic2_di" bpmnElement="GW_e_historic2" isMarkerVisible="true"><dc:Bounds x="760" y="95" width="50" height="50"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="743" y="152" width="84" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_e_bar_di" bpmnElement="Task_e_bar"><dc:Bounds x="880" y="80" width="140" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_e_nec_di" bpmnElement="Task_e_nec"><dc:Bounds x="1080" y="190" width="140" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_e_permit_issue_di" bpmnElement="Task_e_permit_issue"><dc:Bounds x="1280" y="190" width="120" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_e_install_di" bpmnElement="Task_e_install"><dc:Bounds x="1460" y="190" width="130" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_e_insp_di" bpmnElement="Task_e_insp"><dc:Bounds x="1650" y="190" width="130" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="EE_elec_di" bpmnElement="EE_elec"><dc:Bounds x="1842" y="212" width="36" height="36"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e1_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e1"><di:waypoint x="188" y="230"/><di:waypoint x="240" y="230"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e2_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e2"><di:waypoint x="370" y="230"/><di:waypoint x="430" y="230"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e_public_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e_public"><di:waypoint x="455" y="205"/><di:waypoint x="455" y="120"/><di:waypoint x="560" y="120"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="462" y="158" width="18" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e_private_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e_private"><di:waypoint x="480" y="230"/><di:waypoint x="1080" y="230"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="775" y="212" width="15" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e_pw_done_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e_pw_done"><di:waypoint x="700" y="120"/><di:waypoint x="760" y="120"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e_hist_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e_hist"><di:waypoint x="810" y="120"/><di:waypoint x="880" y="120"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="836" y="102" width="18" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e_not_hist_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e_not_hist"><di:waypoint x="785" y="145"/><di:waypoint x="785" y="230"/><di:waypoint x="1080" y="230"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="791" y="183" width="15" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e_bar_done_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e_bar_done"><di:waypoint x="1020" y="120"/><di:waypoint x="1150" y="120"/><di:waypoint x="1150" y="190"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e3_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e3"><di:waypoint x="1220" y="230"/><di:waypoint x="1280" y="230"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e4_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e4"><di:waypoint x="1400" y="230"/><di:waypoint x="1460" y="230"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e5_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e5"><di:waypoint x="1590" y="230"/><di:waypoint x="1650" y="230"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e6_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e6"><di:waypoint x="1780" y="230"/><di:waypoint x="1842" y="230"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
    </bpmndi:BPMNPlane>
  </bpmndi:BPMNDiagram>
</bpmn:definitions>
</bpmnio>

**Key links:**
  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH5BUREPRMA|Chapter 5 — Building Regulations (Municode)]]
  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH28STSI|Chapter 28 — Streets and Sidewalks (Municode)]]

----

===== III. Zoning & Land Use =====

==== Zoning Variance &amp; Special Use Permit ====

Governed by **Chapter 34 (Zoning)**. A **variance** is heard by the Board of Zoning Appeals (BZA) under § 34-156 when strict application of zoning regulations would cause undue hardship. A **Special Use Permit (SUP)** goes to the Planning Commission for recommendation, then City Council for final approval under § 34-41 and § 34-42. Denials of BZA decisions may be appealed to the Circuit Court under Virginia Code § 15.2-2314.

<bpmnio type="bpmn">
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<bpmn:definitions xmlns:bpmn="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL" xmlns:bpmndi="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/DI" xmlns:dc="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DC" xmlns:di="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DI" id="ZoningVariance" targetNamespace="http://bpmn.io/schema/bpmn" exporter="Camunda Modeler" exporterVersion="3.0.0-dev">
  <bpmn:process id="zoning_variance_process" name="Zoning Variance / Special Use Permit" isExecutable="true">
    <bpmn:startEvent id="SE_zv" name="Submit Variance or SUP Application (Ch. 34)"><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_zv1</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:startEvent>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_zv1" sourceRef="SE_zv" targetRef="GW_zv_type"/>
    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="GW_zv_type" name="Variance or SUP?" default="Flow_zv_sup"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_zv1</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_zv_variance</bpmn:outgoing><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_zv_sup</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_zv_variance" name="Variance" sourceRef="GW_zv_type" targetRef="Task_zv_boa"><bpmn:conditionExpression>isVariance</bpmn:conditionExpression></bpmn:sequenceFlow>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_zv_sup" name="SUP" sourceRef="GW_zv_type" targetRef="Task_zv_pc"/>
    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_zv_boa" name="Board of Zoning Appeals Hearing (§ 34-156)"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_zv_variance</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_zv2</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_zv_pc" name="Planning Commission Review (§ 34-41)"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_zv_sup</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_zv3</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_zv2" sourceRef="Task_zv_boa" targetRef="GW_zv_decision"/>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_zv3" sourceRef="Task_zv_pc" targetRef="Task_zv_council"/>
    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_zv_council" name="City Council Approval (§ 34-42)"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_zv3</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_zv4</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_zv4" sourceRef="Task_zv_council" targetRef="GW_zv_decision"/>
    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="GW_zv_decision" name="Approved?" default="Flow_zv_denied"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_zv2</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:incoming>Flow_zv4</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_zv_granted</bpmn:outgoing><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_zv_denied</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_zv_granted" name="Yes" sourceRef="GW_zv_decision" targetRef="EE_zv_granted"><bpmn:conditionExpression>isApproved</bpmn:conditionExpression></bpmn:sequenceFlow>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_zv_denied" name="No" sourceRef="GW_zv_decision" targetRef="Task_zv_appeal"/>
    <bpmn:endEvent id="EE_zv_granted" name="Variance / SUP Granted"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_zv_granted</bpmn:incoming></bpmn:endEvent>
    <bpmn:manualTask id="Task_zv_appeal" name="Appeal to Circuit Court (§ 15.2-2314 VA Code)"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_zv_denied</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_zv5</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:manualTask>
    <bpmn:endEvent id="EE_zv_appeal" name="Appeal Filed"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_zv5</bpmn:incoming></bpmn:endEvent>
    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_zv5" sourceRef="Task_zv_appeal" targetRef="EE_zv_appeal"/>
  </bpmn:process>
  <bpmndi:BPMNDiagram id="BPMNDiagram_zv">
    <bpmndi:BPMNPlane id="BPMNPlane_zv" bpmnElement="zoning_variance_process">
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="SE_zv_di" bpmnElement="SE_zv"><dc:Bounds x="152" y="202" width="36" height="36"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="GW_zv_type_di" bpmnElement="GW_zv_type" isMarkerVisible="true"><dc:Bounds x="265" y="197" width="50" height="50"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="253" y="254" width="74" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_zv_boa_di" bpmnElement="Task_zv_boa"><dc:Bounds x="390" y="80" width="150" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_zv_pc_di" bpmnElement="Task_zv_pc"><dc:Bounds x="390" y="300" width="150" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_zv_council_di" bpmnElement="Task_zv_council"><dc:Bounds x="610" y="300" width="150" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="GW_zv_decision_di" bpmnElement="GW_zv_decision" isMarkerVisible="true"><dc:Bounds x="840" y="197" width="50" height="50"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="835" y="254" width="58" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="EE_zv_granted_di" bpmnElement="EE_zv_granted"><dc:Bounds x="1000" y="102" width="36" height="36"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_zv_appeal_di" bpmnElement="Task_zv_appeal"><dc:Bounds x="970" y="300" width="150" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="EE_zv_appeal_di" bpmnElement="EE_zv_appeal"><dc:Bounds x="1200" y="322" width="36" height="36"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_zv1_di" bpmnElement="Flow_zv1"><di:waypoint x="188" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="265" y="220"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_zv_variance_di" bpmnElement="Flow_zv_variance"><di:waypoint x="290" y="197"/><di:waypoint x="290" y="120"/><di:waypoint x="390" y="120"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="296" y="153" width="44" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_zv_sup_di" bpmnElement="Flow_zv_sup"><di:waypoint x="290" y="247"/><di:waypoint x="290" y="340"/><di:waypoint x="390" y="340"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="296" y="289" width="21" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_zv2_di" bpmnElement="Flow_zv2"><di:waypoint x="540" y="120"/><di:waypoint x="865" y="120"/><di:waypoint x="865" y="197"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
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      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_zv4_di" bpmnElement="Flow_zv4"><di:waypoint x="760" y="340"/><di:waypoint x="865" y="340"/><di:waypoint x="865" y="247"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
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      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_zv_denied_di" bpmnElement="Flow_zv_denied"><di:waypoint x="890" y="222"/><di:waypoint x="970" y="222"/><di:waypoint x="970" y="340"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="926" y="275" width="15" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_zv5_di" bpmnElement="Flow_zv5"><di:waypoint x="1120" y="340"/><di:waypoint x="1200" y="340"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
    </bpmndi:BPMNPlane>
  </bpmndi:BPMNDiagram>
</bpmn:definitions>
</bpmnio>

**Key links:**
  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH34ZO|Chapter 34 — Zoning (Municode)]]
  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/165/Board-of-Zoning-Appeals|Board of Zoning Appeals]]
  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/159/Planning-Commission|Planning Commission]]

==== Subdivision of Land ====

Governed by **Chapter 29 (Subdivision of Land)**. Subdivisions require plat review by NDS, coordination with utility providers, and in some cases public hearing before the Planning Commission.

**Key links:**
  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH29SULA|Chapter 29 — Subdivision of Land (Municode)]]

----

===== IV. Signs =====

==== Sign Permit Process ====

Governed by **Chapter 34, Article XI (Signs)**, §§ 34-1040 et seq. All permanent exterior signs require a Sign Permit from NDS. Signs in Historic Overlay Districts also require BAR review. Regulations cover maximum size, illumination, placement, and number of signs by zoning district.

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**Key links:**
  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH34ZO|Chapter 34 — Zoning / Signs Article (Municode)]]
  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/162/Zoning|NDS Zoning Division]]

----

===== V. Historic Preservation =====

==== Board of Architectural Review (BAR) — Certificate of Appropriateness ====

Governed by **Chapter 34, Article IV (Historic Preservation)**, §§ 34-278 et seq. Any exterior change to a structure or site in a Historic Overlay District — including new construction, demolition, alterations, and signage — requires a Certificate of Appropriateness (COA) from the BAR before any building permit can be issued. The BAR meets monthly; applications are due 10 business days before the meeting.

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      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bar4</bpmn:outgoing>
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      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bar_denied</bpmn:outgoing>
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    <bpmn:endEvent id="EE_bar_appeal" name="Appeal Submitted">
      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_bar6</bpmn:incoming>
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    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bar6" sourceRef="Task_bar_appeal" targetRef="EE_bar_appeal"/>
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**Historic Districts in Charlottesville:**
  * Downtown Extended Corridor
  * Individually Protected Properties listed in § 34-278 Appendix

**Key links:**
  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH34ZO|Chapter 34 Art. IV — Historic Preservation (Municode)]]
  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/163/Board-of-Architectural-Review|Board of Architectural Review]]

----

===== VI. Environmental & Utilities =====

==== Water Protection / Stormwater ====

Governed by **Chapter 10 (Water Protection)** and **Chapter 31 (Utilities)**. Land-disturbing activities over 2,500 sq ft require a Stormwater Management Plan review. Connection to city water and sewer requires permits from the Utilities Department.

**Key links:**
  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH10WAPR|Chapter 10 — Water Protection (Municode)]]
  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH31UT|Chapter 31 — Utilities (Municode)]]
  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/197/Utilities|City Utilities]]

==== Solid Waste &amp; Recycling ====

Governed by **Chapter 26 (Solid Waste)**. Rules apply to refuse collection schedules, illegal dumping, containers, and commercial hauler licensing.

**Key links:**
  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH26SOWA|Chapter 26 — Solid Waste (Municode)]]

----

===== VII. Special Activities & Public Space =====

==== Amusements &amp; Special Events ====

Governed by **Chapter 3 (Amusements)**. Temporary events on public property, outdoor concerts, and commercial amusements require permits from the City. Contact the City Manager's Office for large event coordination.

**Key links:**
  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH3AM|Chapter 3 — Amusements (Municode)]]

==== City Market Vendors ====

Governed by **Chapter 8 (City Market)**. Vendors at the City Market (Water Street) must obtain a vendor license and comply with the Market's product and display rules.

**Key links:**
  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH8CIMA|Chapter 8 — City Market (Municode)]]
  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/citymarket|City Market]]

==== Special Sales (Yard Sales, Going-Out-of-Business) ====

Governed by **Chapter 27 (Special Sales)**. Yard sales and temporary sales events have notice and frequency requirements. Going-out-of-business sales require a license.

**Key links:**
  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH27SPSA|Chapter 27 — Special Sales (Municode)]]

----

===== VIII. Transportation =====

==== Streets &amp; Sidewalks — Encroachments &amp; Right-of-Way Permits ====

Governed by **Chapter 28 (Streets and Sidewalks)**. Work in the public right-of-way — including utility cuts, sidewalk repairs, trees, and lamp/fixture installation — requires a Right-of-Way Permit from Public Works.

**Key links:**
  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH28STSI|Chapter 28 — Streets and Sidewalks (Municode)]]
  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/186/Public-Works|Department of Public Works]]

==== Vehicles for Hire (Taxis, TNCs) ====

Governed by **Chapter 32 (Vehicles for Hire)**. Operators of taxis, rideshares, and limousines must obtain a City permit and meet insurance requirements.

**Key links:**
  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH32VEHI|Chapter 32 — Vehicles for Hire (Municode)]]

----

===== IX. Taxation =====

==== Business &amp; Property Taxes ====

Governed by **Chapter 30 (Taxation)**. Charlottesville levies a Business, Professional, and Occupational License (BPOL) tax, real estate tax, personal property tax, and lodging tax. Returns are due by March 1 each year for the prior year's gross receipts.

**Key links:**
  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH30TA|Chapter 30 — Taxation (Municode)]]
  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/156/Commissioner-of-Revenue|Commissioner of Revenue]]
  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/155/City-Treasurer|City Treasurer]]

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===== X. Animals & Noise =====

==== Animal Regulations ====

Governed by **Chapter 4 (Animals and Fowl)**. All dogs and cats must be licensed annually. Rules apply to leash requirements, dangerous animals, livestock, and keeping of exotic animals.

**Key links:**
  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH4ANFO|Chapter 4 — Animals and Fowl (Municode)]]
  * [[https://www.caspca.org|SPCA of Charlottesville / Albemarle]]

==== Noise Control ====

Governed by **Chapter 16 (Noise Control)**. Noise ordinance establishes daytime and nighttime decibel limits and quiet hours. Construction noise, amplified music, and mechanical equipment are all regulated.

**Key links:**
  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH16NOCO|Chapter 16 — Noise Control (Municode)]]

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===== Quick Reference: City Departments =====

^ Department ^ Primary Responsibilities ^ Contact ^
| Neighborhood Development Services (NDS) | Zoning, building permits, BAR, sign permits, subdivisions | (434) 970-3182 |
| Commissioner of Revenue | Business licenses, BPOL tax, vehicle decals | (434) 970-3170 |
| City Treasurer | Tax payments, real estate, personal property | (434) 970-3146 |
| Public Works | ROW permits, streets, stormwater | (434) 970-3800 |
| City Utilities | Water/sewer connections and permits | (434) 970-3500 |
| City Market | Vendor licensing | (434) 970-3371 |

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===== XI. FOIA — Freedom of Information Act =====

Virginia FOIA governs public access to government records and open meetings. See the dedicated deep-dive page for complete process flows, SpiffWorkflow implementation guidance, role mapping, and legal reference.

**→ [[charlottesville:foia|FOIA Deep-Dive: Records Requests, Open Meetings, Enforcement & SpiffWorkflow Implementation]]**

Key processes covered:
  * Citizen records request process with all response types (§ 2.2-3704)
  * Internal FOIA Officer workflow with deadline enforcement
  * Open meetings compliance for all city boards (§§ 2.2-3707 – 2.2-3712)
  * Court enforcement (§ 2.2-3713) and penalties (§ 2.2-3714)
  * SpiffWorkflow roles, service task connectors, form schemas, and DMN exemption table

**Charlottesville FOIA Contact:** City Attorney's Office · 434-970-3131 · [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/774/Submit-a-FOIA-Request|Submit a Request Online]]

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===== Full Code of Ordinances =====

Browse the complete [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances|Charlottesville Code of Ordinances on Municode]]. The code is organized into 34 chapters covering all areas of city regulation. The most recent supplement is Supplement 63 (updated February 2026).