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| lexflow:va:business [2026/10/10 01:20] – lexflow: Claude-checked process model and local answers alibama | lexflow:va:business [2026/10/11 01:38] (current) – lexflow: Claude-checked process model and local answers alibama |
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| * The local licence is one step (local_license), issued by the commissioner of the revenue (§ 59.1-74 B; see also § 58.1-3703 E) for the fee the locality's governing body may charge (§ 58.1-3703 A). It is reached by either of two exclusive paths that rejoin: directly after the certificate is recorded, or, for a company trading under an assumed name, only after the certificate of assumed name is filed and evidence of the filing given to the commissioner of the revenue (§ 59.1-74 B). The evidence is modelled only where the locality requires a licence, since the statute makes it a precondition of the licence and requires it nowhere else; a trade-name company in a locality without a licence ends at llc_exists after filing its certificate. The choice after recordation is not mutually exclusive: a company with an assumed name in a locality that requires a licence satisfies both uses_assumed_name and locality_requires_license. The model is correct only if the exclusive gateway evaluates its branches in the order written (uses_assumed_name first), as BPMN engines that follow document order do; an engine that picked the direct licence branch would issue the licence without the assumed-name filing that § 59.1-74 B requires first. The flow conditions take one variable per step, so the direct branch cannot be guarded by 'not uses_assumed_name' without also blocking the trade-name branch, which reaches the same step. The second locality_requires_license gateway after the evidence is always true there. On every path the LLC already exists from issuance (§ 13.1-1004 B). | * The local licence is one step (local_license), issued by the commissioner of the revenue (§ 59.1-74 B; see also § 58.1-3703 E) for the fee the locality's governing body may charge (§ 58.1-3703 A). It is reached by either of two exclusive paths that rejoin: directly after the certificate is recorded, or, for a company trading under an assumed name, only after the certificate of assumed name is filed and evidence of the filing given to the commissioner of the revenue (§ 59.1-74 B). The evidence is modelled only where the locality requires a licence, since the statute makes it a precondition of the licence and requires it nowhere else; a trade-name company in a locality without a licence ends at llc_exists after filing its certificate. The choice after recordation is not mutually exclusive: a company with an assumed name in a locality that requires a licence satisfies both uses_assumed_name and locality_requires_license. The model is correct only if the exclusive gateway evaluates its branches in the order written (uses_assumed_name first), as BPMN engines that follow document order do; an engine that picked the direct licence branch would issue the licence without the assumed-name filing that § 59.1-74 B requires first. The flow conditions take one variable per step, so the direct branch cannot be guarded by 'not uses_assumed_name' without also blocking the trade-name branch, which reaches the same step. The second locality_requires_license gateway after the evidence is always true there. On every path the LLC already exists from issuance (§ 13.1-1004 B). |
| * The nonstock corporation sections printed (§ 13.1-815.1, § 13.1-816) are the versions 'effective until January 1, 2027'; the replacement versions were not in the corpus and should be checked after that date. | * The nonstock corporation sections printed (§ 13.1-815.1, § 13.1-816) are the versions 'effective until January 1, 2027'; the replacement versions were not in the corpus and should be checked after that date. |
| * Nonstock status is a state corporate form, not tax exemption; federal 501(c) status is outside the Code of Virginia and not modelled. | * Nonstock status is a state corporate form, not tax exemption; federal 501%%(c)%% status is outside the Code of Virginia and not modelled. |
| * Professionals are not required to use a professional entity: §§ 13.1-542.1 and 13.1-1101.1 also allow ordinary corporations and LLCs unless other law or regulation prohibits it. Architects, engineers and land surveyors have extra ownership rules (§ 13.1-549, § 13.1-1111). Professional entities do not shield a professional's own professional liability (see §§ 13.1-547 and 13.1-1109, not printed here). | * Professionals are not required to use a professional entity: §§ 13.1-542.1 and 13.1-1101.1 also allow ordinary corporations and LLCs unless other law or regulation prohibits it. Architects, engineers and land surveyors have extra ownership rules (§ 13.1-549, § 13.1-1111). Professional entities do not shield a professional's own professional liability (see §§ 13.1-547 and 13.1-1109, not printed here). |
| * A limited partner who participates in control of the business can lose the shield toward people who reasonably believe he is a general partner (§ 50-73.24 A); not modelled. | * A limited partner who participates in control of the business can lose the shield toward people who reasonably believe he is a general partner (§ 50-73.24 A); not modelled. |
| * Annual registration fees and continuation reports (e.g. § 13.1-1062 for LLCs, $50 LLP annual continuation report in § 50-73.83 F.2) are not modelled. | * Annual registration fees and continuation reports (e.g. § 13.1-1062 for LLCs, $50 LLP annual continuation report in § 50-73.83 F.2) are not modelled. |
| * A delayed effective date for the certificate (subsection D of § 13.1-1004) is not modelled. | * A delayed effective date for the certificate (subsection D of § 13.1-1004) is not modelled. |
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| | ===== Court decisions citing this law ===== |
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| | //Found with [[https://www.courtlistener.com|CourtListener]] (Free Law Project): opinions in the state's appellate courts whose text cites these sections. Listed for research; not every citing case construes the section.// |
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| | * [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1059215/cf-trust-inc-v-first-flight-ltd-partnership/|C.F. Trust, Inc. v. First Flight Ltd. Partnership]] (Supreme Court of Virginia, 2003, 580 S.E.2d 806; 266 Va. 3; 2 A.L.R. 6th 719; 2003 Va. LEXIS 61) — cites § 50-73.24 |
| | * [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1417110/bain-v-phillips/|Bain v. Phillips]] (Supreme Court of Virginia, 1976, 217 Va. 387; 228 S.E.2d 576; 1976 Va. LEXIS 293) — cites § 59.1-69 |
| | * [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1058361/city-of-lynchburg-v-english-const/|City of Lynchburg v. ENGLISH CONST.]] (Supreme Court of Virginia, 2009, 675 S.E.2d 197; 277 Va. 574; 2009 Va. LEXIS 46) — cites § 58.1-3703 |
| | * [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1395358/sloan-v-thornton/|Sloan v. Thornton]] (Supreme Court of Virginia, 1995, 457 S.E.2d 60; 249 Va. 492; 1995 Va. LEXIS 65) — cites § 50-73.11 |
| | * [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1395358/sloan-v-thornton/|Sloan v. Thornton]] (Supreme Court of Virginia, 1995, 457 S.E.2d 60; 249 Va. 492; 1995 Va. LEXIS 65) — cites § 50-73.24 |
| | * [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1060209/hampton-nissan-ltd-partnership-v-city-of-hampton/|Hampton Nissan Ltd. Partnership v. City of Hampton]] (Supreme Court of Virginia, 1996, 466 S.E.2d 95; 251 Va. 100; 1996 Va. LEXIS 13) — cites § 58.1-3703 |
| | * [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1058078/ford-motor-credit-v-chesterfield-county/|Ford Motor Credit v. Chesterfield County]] (Supreme Court of Virginia, 2011, 707 S.E.2d 311; 281 Va. 321; 2011 Va. LEXIS 52) — cites § 58.1-3703 |
| | * [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1248183/county-of-chesterfield-v-bbc-brown-boveri-inc/|County of Chesterfield v. BBC Brown Boveri, Inc.]] (Supreme Court of Virginia, 1989, 380 S.E.2d 890; 238 Va. 64; 5 Va. Law Rep. 2764; 1989 Va. LEXIS 106) — cites § 58.1-3703 |
| | * [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/4421307/dulles-duty-free-llc-v-cnty-of-loudoun/|Dulles Duty Free, LLC v. Cnty. of Loudoun]] (Supreme Court of Virginia, 2017, 803 S.E.2d 54; 294 Va. 9; 2017 Va. LEXIS 106; 2017 WL 3599846) — cites § 58.1-3703 |
| | * [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1312856/chesterfield-cablevision-inc-v-county-of-chesterfield/|Chesterfield Cablevision, Inc. v. County of Chesterfield]] (Supreme Court of Virginia, 1991, 401 S.E.2d 678; 241 Va. 252; 7 Va. Law Rep. 1666; 1991 Va. LEXIS 33) — cites § 58.1-3703 |
| | * [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1416873/in-re-change-of-name-of-miller/|In Re Change of Name of Miller]] (Supreme Court of Virginia, 1978, 243 S.E.2d 464; 218 Va. 939; 1978 Va. LEXIS 250) — cites § 59.1-69 |
| | * [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/9451163/mary-pat-martin-v-ryan-s-lafountain-commissioner-of-revenue-for-the-city/|Mary Pat Martin v. Ryan S. Lafountain, Commissioner of Revenue for the City of Roanoke]] (Court of Appeals of Virginia, 2023) — cites § 58.1-3703 |
| | * [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2767477/nielsen-co-v-board-of-arlington-county/|Nielsen Co. v. Board of Arlington County]] (Supreme Court of Virginia, 2015) — cites § 58.1-3703 |
| | * [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1058935/southern-christian-leadership-v-shannon/|SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP v. Shannon]] (Supreme Court of Virginia, 2005, 613 S.E.2d 596; 270 Va. 104; 2005 Va. LEXIS 61) — cites § 59.1-69 |
| | * [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1059564/arlington-county-v-mutual-broadcasting-system-inc/|Arlington County v. Mutual Broadcasting System, Inc.]] (Supreme Court of Virginia, 2000, 260 Va. 434; 536 S.E.2d 707; 28 Media L. Rep. (BNA) 2562; 2000 Va. LEXIS 142) — cites § 58.1-3703 |
| | * [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/6930233/brincefield-hartnett-associates-pc-v-newbold/|Brincefield, Hartnett & Associates, P.C. v. Newbold]] (Supreme Court of Virginia, 1993, 245 Va. 74; 9 Va. Law Rep. 754; 425 S.E.2d 503; 1993 Va. LEXIS 12) — cites § 13.1-544 |
| | * [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/6929887/delta-air-lines-inc-v-county-board/|Delta Air Lines, Inc. v. County Board]] (Supreme Court of Virginia, 1991, 242 Va. 209; 409 S.E.2d 130; 8 Va. Law Rep. 970; 1991 Va. LEXIS 132) — cites § 58.1-3703 |
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| ===== Checks ===== | ===== Checks ===== |
| ===== Local answers ===== | ===== Local answers ===== |
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| * [[lexflow:va:charlottesville|City of Charlottesville]] | * [[lexflow:va:charlottesville:business|City of Charlottesville]] |
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| ← [[lexflow:start|lexflow models]] | ← [[lexflow:va|Virginia]] · [[lexflow:start|lexflow models]] |
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