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--- charlottesville [2026/01/05 20:27] – external edit 127.0.0.1
+++ charlottesville [2026/03/19 13:58] (current) – Add Section XI FOIA with link to charlottesville:foia deep-dive page admin
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Start a business
+====== Charlottesville, Virginia — Regulatory Process Guide ======
+This wiki documents civic processes for residents, property owners, and businesses operating in the City of Charlottesville, Virginia. Each section maps a workflow from the [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances|Charlottesville City Code of Ordinances]] as an interactive BPMN process diagram. Use this as a starting point to understand what steps are required, which city departments are involved, and where to find official forms.
+**Primary contact:** Neighborhood Development Services (NDS), City Hall, 605 E Main St · (434) 970-3182
+----
+===== I. Business & Licensing =====
+==== Starting a Business in Charlottesville ====
+Governed by **Chapter 14 (Licenses)** and **Chapter 34 (Zoning)**. All businesses operating in Charlottesville must obtain a Business License from the Commissioner of Revenue. Additional steps apply depending on business type, location, and whether signage is needed.
 <bpmnio type="bpmn">
@@ Line 197: / Line 209: @@
 </bpmnio>
+**Key links:**
+  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/DocumentCenter/View/4733/Business-License-Application-PDF-CY-2023?bidId=|Business License Application]]
+  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/DocumentCenter/View/281/General-Certificate-of-Occupancy-InformationPDF?bidId=|Certificate of Occupancy Information]]
+  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/DocumentCenter/View/282/Home-Occupation-Permit-PDF?bidId=|Home Occupation Provisional Use Permit]]
+  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH14LI|Chapter 14 — Licenses (Municode)]]
+----
+===== II. Building & Construction =====
+==== Building Permit Process ====
+Governed by **Chapter 5 (Building Regulations; Property Maintenance)**. Any new construction, addition, structural repair, or change of occupancy requires a building permit reviewed by the Building Inspections Division of NDS. Projects in historic districts additionally require a Certificate of Appropriateness (COA) from the Board of Architectural Review (BAR) before a permit can be issued.
+<bpmnio type="bpmn">
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<bpmn:definitions xmlns:bpmn="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL" xmlns:bpmndi="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/DI" xmlns:dc="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DC" xmlns:di="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DI" id="BuildingPermit" targetNamespace="http://bpmn.io/schema/bpmn" exporter="Camunda Modeler" exporterVersion="3.0.0-dev">
+  <bpmn:process id="building_permit_process" name="Building Permit Process" isExecutable="true">
+    <bpmn:startEvent id="SE_bp" name="Applicant Submits Permit Application"><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bp1</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:startEvent>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bp1" sourceRef="SE_bp" targetRef="Task_bp_zone"/>
+    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_bp_zone" name="Verify Zoning Compliance (Ch. 34)"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_bp1</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bp2</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bp2" sourceRef="Task_bp_zone" targetRef="GW_bp_historic"/>
+    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="GW_bp_historic" name="Historic District?" default="Flow_bp_not_historic"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_bp2</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bp_historic</bpmn:outgoing><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bp_not_historic</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bp_historic" name="Yes" sourceRef="GW_bp_historic" targetRef="Task_bp_bar"><bpmn:conditionExpression>isHistoric</bpmn:conditionExpression></bpmn:sequenceFlow>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bp_not_historic" name="No" sourceRef="GW_bp_historic" targetRef="Task_bp_plans"/>
+    <bpmn:manualTask id="Task_bp_bar" name="Obtain COA from BAR (§ 34-278)"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_bp_historic</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bp_bar_done</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:manualTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bp_bar_done" sourceRef="Task_bp_bar" targetRef="Task_bp_plans"/>
+    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_bp_plans" name="Submit Plans for Review (Ch. 5)"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_bp_not_historic</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:incoming>Flow_bp_bar_done</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bp3</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bp3" sourceRef="Task_bp_plans" targetRef="Task_bp_inspect"/>
+    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_bp_inspect" name="Building Inspections Department Review"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_bp3</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bp4</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bp4" sourceRef="Task_bp_inspect" targetRef="GW_bp_approved"/>
+    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="GW_bp_approved" name="Approved?" default="Flow_bp_corrections"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_bp4</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bp_permit_issued</bpmn:outgoing><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bp_corrections</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bp_permit_issued" name="Yes" sourceRef="GW_bp_approved" targetRef="Task_bp_permit"><bpmn:conditionExpression>isApproved</bpmn:conditionExpression></bpmn:sequenceFlow>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bp_corrections" name="Corrections Required" sourceRef="GW_bp_approved" targetRef="Task_bp_correct"/>
+    <bpmn:manualTask id="Task_bp_correct" name="Applicant Submits Corrections"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_bp_corrections</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bp_resubmit</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:manualTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bp_resubmit" sourceRef="Task_bp_correct" targetRef="Task_bp_inspect"/>
+    <bpmn:manualTask id="Task_bp_permit" name="Permit Issued — Begin Construction"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_bp_permit_issued</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bp5</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:manualTask>
+    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_bp_co" name="Final Inspection &amp; Certificate of Occupancy"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_bp5</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bp6</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
+    <bpmn:endEvent id="EE_bp" name="Certificate of Occupancy Issued"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_bp6</bpmn:incoming></bpmn:endEvent>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bp5" sourceRef="Task_bp_permit" targetRef="Task_bp_co"/>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bp6" sourceRef="Task_bp_co" targetRef="EE_bp"/>
+  </bpmn:process>
+  <bpmndi:BPMNDiagram id="BPMNDiagram_bp">
+    <bpmndi:BPMNPlane id="BPMNPlane_bp" bpmnElement="building_permit_process">
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="SE_bp_di" bpmnElement="SE_bp"><dc:Bounds x="152" y="202" width="36" height="36"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_bp_zone_di" bpmnElement="Task_bp_zone"><dc:Bounds x="240" y="180" width="120" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="GW_bp_historic_di" bpmnElement="GW_bp_historic" isMarkerVisible="true"><dc:Bounds x="415" y="195" width="50" height="50"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="398" y="252" width="84" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_bp_bar_di" bpmnElement="Task_bp_bar"><dc:Bounds x="400" y="310" width="120" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_bp_plans_di" bpmnElement="Task_bp_plans"><dc:Bounds x="560" y="180" width="120" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_bp_inspect_di" bpmnElement="Task_bp_inspect"><dc:Bounds x="740" y="180" width="130" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="GW_bp_approved_di" bpmnElement="GW_bp_approved" isMarkerVisible="true"><dc:Bounds x="935" y="195" width="50" height="50"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="931" y="252" width="58" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_bp_correct_di" bpmnElement="Task_bp_correct"><dc:Bounds x="910" y="310" width="130" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_bp_permit_di" bpmnElement="Task_bp_permit"><dc:Bounds x="1060" y="180" width="130" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_bp_co_di" bpmnElement="Task_bp_co"><dc:Bounds x="1250" y="180" width="140" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="EE_bp_di" bpmnElement="EE_bp"><dc:Bounds x="1452" y="202" width="36" height="36"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp1_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp1"><di:waypoint x="188" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="240" y="220"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp2_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp2"><di:waypoint x="360" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="415" y="220"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp_historic_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp_historic"><di:waypoint x="440" y="245"/><di:waypoint x="440" y="310"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="446" y="273" width="18" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp_not_historic_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp_not_historic"><di:waypoint x="465" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="560" y="220"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="501" y="202" width="15" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp_bar_done_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp_bar_done"><di:waypoint x="520" y="350"/><di:waypoint x="620" y="350"/><di:waypoint x="620" y="260"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp3_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp3"><di:waypoint x="680" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="740" y="220"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp4_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp4"><di:waypoint x="870" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="935" y="220"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp_permit_issued_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp_permit_issued"><di:waypoint x="985" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="1060" y="220"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="1013" y="202" width="18" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp_corrections_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp_corrections"><di:waypoint x="960" y="245"/><di:waypoint x="960" y="310"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="966" y="267" width="68" height="27"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp_resubmit_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp_resubmit"><di:waypoint x="910" y="350"/><di:waypoint x="805" y="350"/><di:waypoint x="805" y="260"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp5_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp5"><di:waypoint x="1190" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="1250" y="220"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bp6_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bp6"><di:waypoint x="1390" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="1452" y="220"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+    </bpmndi:BPMNPlane>
+  </bpmndi:BPMNDiagram>
+</bpmn:definitions>
+</bpmnio>
+**Key links:**
+  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH5BUREPRMA|Chapter 5 — Building Regulations (Municode)]]
+  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/161/Building-Inspections|Building Inspections Division]]
+==== Electrical Permit &amp; Lamp / Fixture Installation ====
+Governed by **Chapter 5** (Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code / NEC) and **Chapter 28 (Streets and Sidewalks)** for public right-of-way work. Fixtures in Historic Overlay Districts require BAR review. All electrical work must be performed by a licensed electrician and pass final inspection before energizing.
+<bpmnio type="bpmn">
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<bpmn:definitions xmlns:bpmn="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL" xmlns:bpmndi="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/DI" xmlns:dc="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DC" xmlns:di="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DI" id="ElectricalPermit" targetNamespace="http://bpmn.io/schema/bpmn" exporter="Camunda Modeler" exporterVersion="3.0.0-dev">
+  <bpmn:process id="electrical_permit_process" name="Electrical Permit &amp; Lamp Installation" isExecutable="true">
+    <bpmn:startEvent id="SE_elec" name="Submit Electrical Permit Application (Ch. 5)"><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e1</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:startEvent>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e1" sourceRef="SE_elec" targetRef="Task_e_scope"/>
+    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_e_scope" name="Determine Scope: New Install, Repair, or Upgrade?"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e1</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e2</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e2" sourceRef="Task_e_scope" targetRef="GW_e_public"/>
+    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="GW_e_public" name="Public Right-of-Way or Streetlamp?" default="Flow_e_private"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e2</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e_public</bpmn:outgoing><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e_private</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e_public" name="Yes" sourceRef="GW_e_public" targetRef="Task_e_public_works"><bpmn:conditionExpression>isPublic</bpmn:conditionExpression></bpmn:sequenceFlow>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e_private" name="No" sourceRef="GW_e_public" targetRef="Task_e_nec"/>
+    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_e_public_works" name="Coordinate with Dept. of Public Works (Ch. 28)"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e_public</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e_pw_done</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e_pw_done" sourceRef="Task_e_public_works" targetRef="GW_e_historic2"/>
+    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="GW_e_historic2" name="Historic District?" default="Flow_e_not_hist"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e_pw_done</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e_hist</bpmn:outgoing><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e_not_hist</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e_hist" name="Yes" sourceRef="GW_e_historic2" targetRef="Task_e_bar"><bpmn:conditionExpression>isHistoric</bpmn:conditionExpression></bpmn:sequenceFlow>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e_not_hist" name="No" sourceRef="GW_e_historic2" targetRef="Task_e_nec"/>
+    <bpmn:manualTask id="Task_e_bar" name="BAR Review for Fixture Design (§ 34-278)"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e_hist</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e_bar_done</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:manualTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e_bar_done" sourceRef="Task_e_bar" targetRef="Task_e_nec"/>
+    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_e_nec" name="Plans Reviewed Against NEC / Virginia Electrical Code"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e_private</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e_not_hist</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e_bar_done</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e3</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e3" sourceRef="Task_e_nec" targetRef="Task_e_permit_issue"/>
+    <bpmn:manualTask id="Task_e_permit_issue" name="Electrical Permit Issued"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e3</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e4</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:manualTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e4" sourceRef="Task_e_permit_issue" targetRef="Task_e_install"/>
+    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_e_install" name="Licensed Electrician Performs Installation"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e4</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e5</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e5" sourceRef="Task_e_install" targetRef="Task_e_insp"/>
+    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_e_insp" name="Electrical Inspector Conducts Final Inspection"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e5</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_e6</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
+    <bpmn:endEvent id="EE_elec" name="Inspection Passed — Work Approved"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_e6</bpmn:incoming></bpmn:endEvent>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_e6" sourceRef="Task_e_insp" targetRef="EE_elec"/>
+  </bpmn:process>
+  <bpmndi:BPMNDiagram id="BPMNDiagram_elec">
+    <bpmndi:BPMNPlane id="BPMNPlane_elec" bpmnElement="electrical_permit_process">
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="SE_elec_di" bpmnElement="SE_elec"><dc:Bounds x="152" y="212" width="36" height="36"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_e_scope_di" bpmnElement="Task_e_scope"><dc:Bounds x="240" y="190" width="130" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="GW_e_public_di" bpmnElement="GW_e_public" isMarkerVisible="true"><dc:Bounds x="430" y="205" width="50" height="50"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="405" y="262" width="100" height="27"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_e_public_works_di" bpmnElement="Task_e_public_works"><dc:Bounds x="560" y="80" width="140" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="GW_e_historic2_di" bpmnElement="GW_e_historic2" isMarkerVisible="true"><dc:Bounds x="760" y="95" width="50" height="50"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="743" y="152" width="84" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_e_bar_di" bpmnElement="Task_e_bar"><dc:Bounds x="880" y="80" width="140" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_e_nec_di" bpmnElement="Task_e_nec"><dc:Bounds x="1080" y="190" width="140" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_e_permit_issue_di" bpmnElement="Task_e_permit_issue"><dc:Bounds x="1280" y="190" width="120" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_e_install_di" bpmnElement="Task_e_install"><dc:Bounds x="1460" y="190" width="130" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_e_insp_di" bpmnElement="Task_e_insp"><dc:Bounds x="1650" y="190" width="130" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="EE_elec_di" bpmnElement="EE_elec"><dc:Bounds x="1842" y="212" width="36" height="36"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e1_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e1"><di:waypoint x="188" y="230"/><di:waypoint x="240" y="230"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e2_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e2"><di:waypoint x="370" y="230"/><di:waypoint x="430" y="230"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e_public_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e_public"><di:waypoint x="455" y="205"/><di:waypoint x="455" y="120"/><di:waypoint x="560" y="120"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="462" y="158" width="18" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e_private_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e_private"><di:waypoint x="480" y="230"/><di:waypoint x="1080" y="230"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="775" y="212" width="15" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e_pw_done_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e_pw_done"><di:waypoint x="700" y="120"/><di:waypoint x="760" y="120"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e_hist_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e_hist"><di:waypoint x="810" y="120"/><di:waypoint x="880" y="120"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="836" y="102" width="18" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e_not_hist_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e_not_hist"><di:waypoint x="785" y="145"/><di:waypoint x="785" y="230"/><di:waypoint x="1080" y="230"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="791" y="183" width="15" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e_bar_done_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e_bar_done"><di:waypoint x="1020" y="120"/><di:waypoint x="1150" y="120"/><di:waypoint x="1150" y="190"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e3_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e3"><di:waypoint x="1220" y="230"/><di:waypoint x="1280" y="230"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e4_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e4"><di:waypoint x="1400" y="230"/><di:waypoint x="1460" y="230"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e5_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e5"><di:waypoint x="1590" y="230"/><di:waypoint x="1650" y="230"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_e6_di" bpmnElement="Flow_e6"><di:waypoint x="1780" y="230"/><di:waypoint x="1842" y="230"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+    </bpmndi:BPMNPlane>
+  </bpmndi:BPMNDiagram>
+</bpmn:definitions>
+</bpmnio>
+**Key links:**
+  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH5BUREPRMA|Chapter 5 — Building Regulations (Municode)]]
+  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH28STSI|Chapter 28 — Streets and Sidewalks (Municode)]]
+----
+===== III. Zoning & Land Use =====
+==== Zoning Variance &amp; Special Use Permit ====
+Governed by **Chapter 34 (Zoning)**. A **variance** is heard by the Board of Zoning Appeals (BZA) under § 34-156 when strict application of zoning regulations would cause undue hardship. A **Special Use Permit (SUP)** goes to the Planning Commission for recommendation, then City Council for final approval under § 34-41 and § 34-42. Denials of BZA decisions may be appealed to the Circuit Court under Virginia Code § 15.2-2314.
+<bpmnio type="bpmn">
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<bpmn:definitions xmlns:bpmn="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL" xmlns:bpmndi="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/DI" xmlns:dc="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DC" xmlns:di="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DI" id="ZoningVariance" targetNamespace="http://bpmn.io/schema/bpmn" exporter="Camunda Modeler" exporterVersion="3.0.0-dev">
+  <bpmn:process id="zoning_variance_process" name="Zoning Variance / Special Use Permit" isExecutable="true">
+    <bpmn:startEvent id="SE_zv" name="Submit Variance or SUP Application (Ch. 34)"><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_zv1</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:startEvent>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_zv1" sourceRef="SE_zv" targetRef="GW_zv_type"/>
+    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="GW_zv_type" name="Variance or SUP?" default="Flow_zv_sup"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_zv1</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_zv_variance</bpmn:outgoing><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_zv_sup</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_zv_variance" name="Variance" sourceRef="GW_zv_type" targetRef="Task_zv_boa"><bpmn:conditionExpression>isVariance</bpmn:conditionExpression></bpmn:sequenceFlow>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_zv_sup" name="SUP" sourceRef="GW_zv_type" targetRef="Task_zv_pc"/>
+    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_zv_boa" name="Board of Zoning Appeals Hearing (§ 34-156)"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_zv_variance</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_zv2</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
+    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_zv_pc" name="Planning Commission Review (§ 34-41)"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_zv_sup</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_zv3</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_zv2" sourceRef="Task_zv_boa" targetRef="GW_zv_decision"/>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_zv3" sourceRef="Task_zv_pc" targetRef="Task_zv_council"/>
+    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_zv_council" name="City Council Approval (§ 34-42)"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_zv3</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_zv4</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_zv4" sourceRef="Task_zv_council" targetRef="GW_zv_decision"/>
+    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="GW_zv_decision" name="Approved?" default="Flow_zv_denied"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_zv2</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:incoming>Flow_zv4</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_zv_granted</bpmn:outgoing><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_zv_denied</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_zv_granted" name="Yes" sourceRef="GW_zv_decision" targetRef="EE_zv_granted"><bpmn:conditionExpression>isApproved</bpmn:conditionExpression></bpmn:sequenceFlow>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_zv_denied" name="No" sourceRef="GW_zv_decision" targetRef="Task_zv_appeal"/>
+    <bpmn:endEvent id="EE_zv_granted" name="Variance / SUP Granted"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_zv_granted</bpmn:incoming></bpmn:endEvent>
+    <bpmn:manualTask id="Task_zv_appeal" name="Appeal to Circuit Court (§ 15.2-2314 VA Code)"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_zv_denied</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_zv5</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:manualTask>
+    <bpmn:endEvent id="EE_zv_appeal" name="Appeal Filed"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_zv5</bpmn:incoming></bpmn:endEvent>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_zv5" sourceRef="Task_zv_appeal" targetRef="EE_zv_appeal"/>
+  </bpmn:process>
+  <bpmndi:BPMNDiagram id="BPMNDiagram_zv">
+    <bpmndi:BPMNPlane id="BPMNPlane_zv" bpmnElement="zoning_variance_process">
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="SE_zv_di" bpmnElement="SE_zv"><dc:Bounds x="152" y="202" width="36" height="36"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="GW_zv_type_di" bpmnElement="GW_zv_type" isMarkerVisible="true"><dc:Bounds x="265" y="197" width="50" height="50"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="253" y="254" width="74" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_zv_boa_di" bpmnElement="Task_zv_boa"><dc:Bounds x="390" y="80" width="150" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_zv_pc_di" bpmnElement="Task_zv_pc"><dc:Bounds x="390" y="300" width="150" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_zv_council_di" bpmnElement="Task_zv_council"><dc:Bounds x="610" y="300" width="150" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="GW_zv_decision_di" bpmnElement="GW_zv_decision" isMarkerVisible="true"><dc:Bounds x="840" y="197" width="50" height="50"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="835" y="254" width="58" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="EE_zv_granted_di" bpmnElement="EE_zv_granted"><dc:Bounds x="1000" y="102" width="36" height="36"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_zv_appeal_di" bpmnElement="Task_zv_appeal"><dc:Bounds x="970" y="300" width="150" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="EE_zv_appeal_di" bpmnElement="EE_zv_appeal"><dc:Bounds x="1200" y="322" width="36" height="36"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_zv1_di" bpmnElement="Flow_zv1"><di:waypoint x="188" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="265" y="220"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_zv_variance_di" bpmnElement="Flow_zv_variance"><di:waypoint x="290" y="197"/><di:waypoint x="290" y="120"/><di:waypoint x="390" y="120"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="296" y="153" width="44" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_zv_sup_di" bpmnElement="Flow_zv_sup"><di:waypoint x="290" y="247"/><di:waypoint x="290" y="340"/><di:waypoint x="390" y="340"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="296" y="289" width="21" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_zv2_di" bpmnElement="Flow_zv2"><di:waypoint x="540" y="120"/><di:waypoint x="865" y="120"/><di:waypoint x="865" y="197"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_zv3_di" bpmnElement="Flow_zv3"><di:waypoint x="540" y="340"/><di:waypoint x="610" y="340"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_zv4_di" bpmnElement="Flow_zv4"><di:waypoint x="760" y="340"/><di:waypoint x="865" y="340"/><di:waypoint x="865" y="247"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_zv_granted_di" bpmnElement="Flow_zv_granted"><di:waypoint x="865" y="197"/><di:waypoint x="865" y="120"/><di:waypoint x="1000" y="120"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="926" y="102" width="18" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_zv_denied_di" bpmnElement="Flow_zv_denied"><di:waypoint x="890" y="222"/><di:waypoint x="970" y="222"/><di:waypoint x="970" y="340"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="926" y="275" width="15" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_zv5_di" bpmnElement="Flow_zv5"><di:waypoint x="1120" y="340"/><di:waypoint x="1200" y="340"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+    </bpmndi:BPMNPlane>
+  </bpmndi:BPMNDiagram>
+</bpmn:definitions>
+</bpmnio>
+**Key links:**
+  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH34ZO|Chapter 34 — Zoning (Municode)]]
+  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/165/Board-of-Zoning-Appeals|Board of Zoning Appeals]]
+  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/159/Planning-Commission|Planning Commission]]
+==== Subdivision of Land ====
+Governed by **Chapter 29 (Subdivision of Land)**. Subdivisions require plat review by NDS, coordination with utility providers, and in some cases public hearing before the Planning Commission.
+**Key links:**
+  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH29SULA|Chapter 29 — Subdivision of Land (Municode)]]
+----
+===== IV. Signs =====
+==== Sign Permit Process ====
+Governed by **Chapter 34, Article XI (Signs)**, §§ 34-1040 et seq. All permanent exterior signs require a Sign Permit from NDS. Signs in Historic Overlay Districts also require BAR review. Regulations cover maximum size, illumination, placement, and number of signs by zoning district.
+<bpmnio type="bpmn">
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<bpmn:definitions xmlns:bpmn="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL" xmlns:bpmndi="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/DI" xmlns:dc="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DC" xmlns:di="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DI" id="SignPermit" targetNamespace="http://bpmn.io/schema/bpmn" exporter="Camunda Modeler" exporterVersion="3.0.0-dev">
+  <bpmn:process id="sign_permit_process" name="Sign Permit Process" isExecutable="true">
+    <bpmn:startEvent id="SE_sp" name="Submit Sign Permit Application (§ 34-1041)"><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_sp1</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:startEvent>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_sp1" sourceRef="SE_sp" targetRef="Task_sp_type"/>
+    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_sp_type" name="Determine Sign Type &amp; Zoning District"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_sp1</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_sp2</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_sp2" sourceRef="Task_sp_type" targetRef="GW_sp_historic"/>
+    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="GW_sp_historic" name="Historic District?" default="Flow_sp_not_hist"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_sp2</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_sp_hist</bpmn:outgoing><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_sp_not_hist</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_sp_hist" name="Yes" sourceRef="GW_sp_historic" targetRef="Task_sp_bar"><bpmn:conditionExpression>isHistoric</bpmn:conditionExpression></bpmn:sequenceFlow>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_sp_not_hist" name="No" sourceRef="GW_sp_historic" targetRef="Task_sp_nds"/>
+    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_sp_bar" name="BAR Reviews Sign Design (§ 34-278)"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_sp_hist</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_sp_bar_done</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_sp_bar_done" sourceRef="Task_sp_bar" targetRef="Task_sp_nds"/>
+    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_sp_nds" name="NDS Zoning Review: Size, Illumination, Placement (§ 34-1040 et seq.)"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_sp_not_hist</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:incoming>Flow_sp_bar_done</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_sp3</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_sp3" sourceRef="Task_sp_nds" targetRef="GW_sp_approved"/>
+    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="GW_sp_approved" name="Approved?" default="Flow_sp_denied"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_sp3</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_sp_yes</bpmn:outgoing><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_sp_denied</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_sp_yes" name="Yes" sourceRef="GW_sp_approved" targetRef="Task_sp_permit"><bpmn:conditionExpression>isApproved</bpmn:conditionExpression></bpmn:sequenceFlow>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_sp_denied" name="No" sourceRef="GW_sp_approved" targetRef="Task_sp_revise"/>
+    <bpmn:manualTask id="Task_sp_permit" name="Sign Permit Issued — Install Sign"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_sp_yes</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_sp4</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:manualTask>
+    <bpmn:manualTask id="Task_sp_revise" name="Revise Design and Resubmit"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_sp_denied</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_sp_resubmit</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:manualTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_sp_resubmit" sourceRef="Task_sp_revise" targetRef="Task_sp_nds"/>
+    <bpmn:endEvent id="EE_sp" name="Sign Installed"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_sp4</bpmn:incoming></bpmn:endEvent>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_sp4" sourceRef="Task_sp_permit" targetRef="EE_sp"/>
+  </bpmn:process>
+  <bpmndi:BPMNDiagram id="BPMNDiagram_sp">
+    <bpmndi:BPMNPlane id="BPMNPlane_sp" bpmnElement="sign_permit_process">
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="SE_sp_di" bpmnElement="SE_sp"><dc:Bounds x="152" y="202" width="36" height="36"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_sp_type_di" bpmnElement="Task_sp_type"><dc:Bounds x="240" y="180" width="130" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="GW_sp_historic_di" bpmnElement="GW_sp_historic" isMarkerVisible="true"><dc:Bounds x="435" y="195" width="50" height="50"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="420" y="252" width="80" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_sp_bar_di" bpmnElement="Task_sp_bar"><dc:Bounds x="560" y="80" width="140" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_sp_nds_di" bpmnElement="Task_sp_nds"><dc:Bounds x="760" y="180" width="160" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="GW_sp_approved_di" bpmnElement="GW_sp_approved" isMarkerVisible="true"><dc:Bounds x="990" y="195" width="50" height="50"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="983" y="252" width="58" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_sp_revise_di" bpmnElement="Task_sp_revise"><dc:Bounds x="960" y="310" width="130" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_sp_permit_di" bpmnElement="Task_sp_permit"><dc:Bounds x="1110" y="180" width="130" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="EE_sp_di" bpmnElement="EE_sp"><dc:Bounds x="1310" y="202" width="36" height="36"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_sp1_di" bpmnElement="Flow_sp1"><di:waypoint x="188" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="240" y="220"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_sp2_di" bpmnElement="Flow_sp2"><di:waypoint x="370" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="435" y="220"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_sp_hist_di" bpmnElement="Flow_sp_hist"><di:waypoint x="460" y="195"/><di:waypoint x="460" y="120"/><di:waypoint x="560" y="120"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="466" y="153" width="18" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_sp_not_hist_di" bpmnElement="Flow_sp_not_hist"><di:waypoint x="485" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="760" y="220"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="614" y="202" width="15" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_sp_bar_done_di" bpmnElement="Flow_sp_bar_done"><di:waypoint x="700" y="120"/><di:waypoint x="840" y="120"/><di:waypoint x="840" y="180"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_sp3_di" bpmnElement="Flow_sp3"><di:waypoint x="920" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="990" y="220"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_sp_yes_di" bpmnElement="Flow_sp_yes"><di:waypoint x="1040" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="1110" y="220"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="1067" y="202" width="18" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_sp_denied_di" bpmnElement="Flow_sp_denied"><di:waypoint x="1015" y="245"/><di:waypoint x="1015" y="310"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="1021" y="273" width="15" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_sp_resubmit_di" bpmnElement="Flow_sp_resubmit"><di:waypoint x="960" y="350"/><di:waypoint x="840" y="350"/><di:waypoint x="840" y="260"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_sp4_di" bpmnElement="Flow_sp4"><di:waypoint x="1240" y="220"/><di:waypoint x="1310" y="220"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+    </bpmndi:BPMNPlane>
+  </bpmndi:BPMNDiagram>
+</bpmn:definitions>
+</bpmnio>
+**Key links:**
+  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH34ZO|Chapter 34 — Zoning / Signs Article (Municode)]]
+  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/162/Zoning|NDS Zoning Division]]
+----
+===== V. Historic Preservation =====
+==== Board of Architectural Review (BAR) — Certificate of Appropriateness ====
+Governed by **Chapter 34, Article IV (Historic Preservation)**, §§ 34-278 et seq. Any exterior change to a structure or site in a Historic Overlay District — including new construction, demolition, alterations, and signage — requires a Certificate of Appropriateness (COA) from the BAR before any building permit can be issued. The BAR meets monthly; applications are due 10 business days before the meeting.
+<bpmnio type="bpmn">
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<bpmn:definitions xmlns:bpmn="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL" xmlns:bpmndi="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/DI" xmlns:dc="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DC" xmlns:di="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DI" id="BAR_Review" targetNamespace="http://bpmn.io/schema/bpmn" exporter="Camunda Modeler" exporterVersion="3.0.0-dev">
+  <bpmn:process id="bar_review_process" name="BAR Architectural Review Process" isExecutable="true">
+    <bpmn:startEvent id="SE_bar" name="Applicant Submits COA Application">
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bar1</bpmn:outgoing>
+    </bpmn:startEvent>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bar1" sourceRef="SE_bar" targetRef="Task_bar_staff"/>
+    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_bar_staff" name="Staff Reviews Completeness (Dept. of NDS)">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_bar1</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bar2</bpmn:outgoing>
+    </bpmn:userTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bar2" sourceRef="Task_bar_staff" targetRef="GW_bar_complete"/>
+    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="GW_bar_complete" name="Application Complete?" default="Flow_bar_incomplete">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_bar2</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bar_yes</bpmn:outgoing>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bar_incomplete</bpmn:outgoing>
+    </bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bar_incomplete" name="No" sourceRef="GW_bar_complete" targetRef="Task_bar_revise"/>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bar_yes" name="Yes" sourceRef="GW_bar_complete" targetRef="Task_bar_schedule">
+      <bpmn:conditionExpression>isComplete</bpmn:conditionExpression>
+    </bpmn:sequenceFlow>
+    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_bar_revise" name="Applicant Revises and Resubmits">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_bar_incomplete</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bar_resubmit</bpmn:outgoing>
+    </bpmn:userTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bar_resubmit" sourceRef="Task_bar_revise" targetRef="Task_bar_staff"/>
+    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_bar_schedule" name="Schedule BAR Public Hearing (Ch. 34 Art. IV)">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_bar_yes</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bar3</bpmn:outgoing>
+    </bpmn:userTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bar3" sourceRef="Task_bar_schedule" targetRef="Task_bar_hearing"/>
+    <bpmn:userTask id="Task_bar_hearing" name="BAR Conducts Public Hearing">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_bar3</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bar4</bpmn:outgoing>
+    </bpmn:userTask>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bar4" sourceRef="Task_bar_hearing" targetRef="GW_bar_decision"/>
+    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="GW_bar_decision" name="BAR Decision?" default="Flow_bar_denied">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_bar4</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bar_approved</bpmn:outgoing>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bar_denied</bpmn:outgoing>
+    </bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bar_approved" name="Approved" sourceRef="GW_bar_decision" targetRef="Task_bar_coa">
+      <bpmn:conditionExpression>isApproved</bpmn:conditionExpression>
+    </bpmn:sequenceFlow>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bar_denied" name="Denied" sourceRef="GW_bar_decision" targetRef="Task_bar_appeal"/>
+    <bpmn:manualTask id="Task_bar_coa" name="COA Issued — Proceed to Building Permit">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_bar_approved</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bar5</bpmn:outgoing>
+    </bpmn:manualTask>
+    <bpmn:manualTask id="Task_bar_appeal" name="Applicant May Appeal to City Council (§ 34-284)">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_bar_denied</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_bar6</bpmn:outgoing>
+    </bpmn:manualTask>
+    <bpmn:endEvent id="EE_bar_done" name="Process Complete">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_bar5</bpmn:incoming>
+    </bpmn:endEvent>
+    <bpmn:endEvent id="EE_bar_appeal" name="Appeal Submitted">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_bar6</bpmn:incoming>
+    </bpmn:endEvent>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bar5" sourceRef="Task_bar_coa" targetRef="EE_bar_done"/>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_bar6" sourceRef="Task_bar_appeal" targetRef="EE_bar_appeal"/>
+  </bpmn:process>
+  <bpmndi:BPMNDiagram id="BPMNDiagram_bar">
+    <bpmndi:BPMNPlane id="BPMNPlane_bar" bpmnElement="bar_review_process">
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="SE_bar_di" bpmnElement="SE_bar"><dc:Bounds x="152" y="172" width="36" height="36"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_bar_staff_di" bpmnElement="Task_bar_staff"><dc:Bounds x="250" y="150" width="120" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="GW_bar_complete_di" bpmnElement="GW_bar_complete" isMarkerVisible="true"><dc:Bounds x="435" y="165" width="50" height="50"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="415" y="222" width="90" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_bar_revise_di" bpmnElement="Task_bar_revise"><dc:Bounds x="410" y="290" width="120" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_bar_schedule_di" bpmnElement="Task_bar_schedule"><dc:Bounds x="560" y="150" width="120" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_bar_hearing_di" bpmnElement="Task_bar_hearing"><dc:Bounds x="750" y="150" width="120" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="GW_bar_decision_di" bpmnElement="GW_bar_decision" isMarkerVisible="true"><dc:Bounds x="945" y="165" width="50" height="50"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="928" y="222" width="84" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_bar_coa_di" bpmnElement="Task_bar_coa"><dc:Bounds x="1070" y="150" width="130" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Task_bar_appeal_di" bpmnElement="Task_bar_appeal"><dc:Bounds x="1070" y="290" width="130" height="80"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="EE_bar_done_di" bpmnElement="EE_bar_done"><dc:Bounds x="1272" y="172" width="36" height="36"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="EE_bar_appeal_di" bpmnElement="EE_bar_appeal"><dc:Bounds x="1272" y="312" width="36" height="36"/></bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bar1_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bar1"><di:waypoint x="188" y="190"/><di:waypoint x="250" y="190"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bar2_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bar2"><di:waypoint x="370" y="190"/><di:waypoint x="435" y="190"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bar_yes_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bar_yes"><di:waypoint x="485" y="190"/><di:waypoint x="560" y="190"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="513" y="172" width="18" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bar_incomplete_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bar_incomplete"><di:waypoint x="460" y="215"/><di:waypoint x="460" y="290"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="465" y="248" width="15" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bar_resubmit_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bar_resubmit"><di:waypoint x="410" y="330"/><di:waypoint x="310" y="330"/><di:waypoint x="310" y="230"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bar3_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bar3"><di:waypoint x="680" y="190"/><di:waypoint x="750" y="190"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bar4_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bar4"><di:waypoint x="870" y="190"/><di:waypoint x="945" y="190"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bar_approved_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bar_approved"><di:waypoint x="995" y="190"/><di:waypoint x="1070" y="190"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="1016" y="172" width="50" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bar_denied_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bar_denied"><di:waypoint x="970" y="215"/><di:waypoint x="970" y="330"/><di:waypoint x="1070" y="330"/><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="996" y="313" width="34" height="14"/></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bar5_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bar5"><di:waypoint x="1200" y="190"/><di:waypoint x="1272" y="190"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_bar6_di" bpmnElement="Flow_bar6"><di:waypoint x="1200" y="330"/><di:waypoint x="1272" y="330"/></bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+    </bpmndi:BPMNPlane>
+  </bpmndi:BPMNDiagram>
+</bpmn:definitions>
+</bpmnio>
+**Historic Districts in Charlottesville:**
+  * Downtown Extended Corridor
+  * Individually Protected Properties listed in § 34-278 Appendix
+**Key links:**
+  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH34ZO|Chapter 34 Art. IV — Historic Preservation (Municode)]]
+  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/163/Board-of-Architectural-Review|Board of Architectural Review]]
+----
+===== VI. Environmental & Utilities =====
+==== Water Protection / Stormwater ====
+Governed by **Chapter 10 (Water Protection)** and **Chapter 31 (Utilities)**. Land-disturbing activities over 2,500 sq ft require a Stormwater Management Plan review. Connection to city water and sewer requires permits from the Utilities Department.
+**Key links:**
+  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH10WAPR|Chapter 10 — Water Protection (Municode)]]
+  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH31UT|Chapter 31 — Utilities (Municode)]]
+  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/197/Utilities|City Utilities]]
+==== Solid Waste &amp; Recycling ====
+Governed by **Chapter 26 (Solid Waste)**. Rules apply to refuse collection schedules, illegal dumping, containers, and commercial hauler licensing.
+**Key links:**
+  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH26SOWA|Chapter 26 — Solid Waste (Municode)]]
+----
+===== VII. Special Activities & Public Space =====
+==== Amusements &amp; Special Events ====
+Governed by **Chapter 3 (Amusements)**. Temporary events on public property, outdoor concerts, and commercial amusements require permits from the City. Contact the City Manager's Office for large event coordination.
+**Key links:**
+  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH3AM|Chapter 3 — Amusements (Municode)]]
+==== City Market Vendors ====
+Governed by **Chapter 8 (City Market)**. Vendors at the City Market (Water Street) must obtain a vendor license and comply with the Market's product and display rules.
+**Key links:**
+  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH8CIMA|Chapter 8 — City Market (Municode)]]
+  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/citymarket|City Market]]
+==== Special Sales (Yard Sales, Going-Out-of-Business) ====
+Governed by **Chapter 27 (Special Sales)**. Yard sales and temporary sales events have notice and frequency requirements. Going-out-of-business sales require a license.
+**Key links:**
+  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH27SPSA|Chapter 27 — Special Sales (Municode)]]
+----
+===== VIII. Transportation =====
+==== Streets &amp; Sidewalks — Encroachments &amp; Right-of-Way Permits ====
+Governed by **Chapter 28 (Streets and Sidewalks)**. Work in the public right-of-way — including utility cuts, sidewalk repairs, trees, and lamp/fixture installation — requires a Right-of-Way Permit from Public Works.
+**Key links:**
+  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH28STSI|Chapter 28 — Streets and Sidewalks (Municode)]]
+  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/186/Public-Works|Department of Public Works]]
+==== Vehicles for Hire (Taxis, TNCs) ====
+Governed by **Chapter 32 (Vehicles for Hire)**. Operators of taxis, rideshares, and limousines must obtain a City permit and meet insurance requirements.
+**Key links:**
+  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH32VEHI|Chapter 32 — Vehicles for Hire (Municode)]]
+----
+===== IX. Taxation =====
+==== Business &amp; Property Taxes ====
+Governed by **Chapter 30 (Taxation)**. Charlottesville levies a Business, Professional, and Occupational License (BPOL) tax, real estate tax, personal property tax, and lodging tax. Returns are due by March 1 each year for the prior year's gross receipts.
+**Key links:**
+  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH30TA|Chapter 30 — Taxation (Municode)]]
+  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/156/Commissioner-of-Revenue|Commissioner of Revenue]]
+  * [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/155/City-Treasurer|City Treasurer]]
+----
+===== X. Animals & Noise =====
+==== Animal Regulations ====
+Governed by **Chapter 4 (Animals and Fowl)**. All dogs and cats must be licensed annually. Rules apply to leash requirements, dangerous animals, livestock, and keeping of exotic animals.
+**Key links:**
+  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH4ANFO|Chapter 4 — Animals and Fowl (Municode)]]
+  * [[https://www.caspca.org|SPCA of Charlottesville / Albemarle]]
+==== Noise Control ====
+Governed by **Chapter 16 (Noise Control)**. Noise ordinance establishes daytime and nighttime decibel limits and quiet hours. Construction noise, amplified music, and mechanical equipment are all regulated.
+**Key links:**
+  * [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH16NOCO|Chapter 16 — Noise Control (Municode)]]
+----
+===== Quick Reference: City Departments =====
+^ Department ^ Primary Responsibilities ^ Contact ^
+| Neighborhood Development Services (NDS) | Zoning, building permits, BAR, sign permits, subdivisions | (434) 970-3182 |
+| Commissioner of Revenue | Business licenses, BPOL tax, vehicle decals | (434) 970-3170 |
+| City Treasurer | Tax payments, real estate, personal property | (434) 970-3146 |
+| Public Works | ROW permits, streets, stormwater | (434) 970-3800 |
+| City Utilities | Water/sewer connections and permits | (434) 970-3500 |
+| City Market | Vendor licensing | (434) 970-3371 |
+----
+----
+===== XI. FOIA — Freedom of Information Act =====
+Virginia FOIA governs public access to government records and open meetings. See the dedicated deep-dive page for complete process flows, SpiffWorkflow implementation guidance, role mapping, and legal reference.
+**→ [[charlottesville:foia|FOIA Deep-Dive: Records Requests, Open Meetings, Enforcement & SpiffWorkflow Implementation]]**
+Key processes covered:
+  * Citizen records request process with all response types (§ 2.2-3704)
+  * Internal FOIA Officer workflow with deadline enforcement
+  * Open meetings compliance for all city boards (§§ 2.2-3707 – 2.2-3712)
+  * Court enforcement (§ 2.2-3713) and penalties (§ 2.2-3714)
+  * SpiffWorkflow roles, service task connectors, form schemas, and DMN exemption table
+**Charlottesville FOIA Contact:** City Attorney's Office · 434-970-3131 · [[https://www.charlottesville.gov/774/Submit-a-FOIA-Request|Submit a Request Online]]
+----
+===== Full Code of Ordinances =====
+Browse the complete [[https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances|Charlottesville Code of Ordinances on Municode]]. The code is organized into 34 chapters covering all areas of city regulation. The most recent supplement is Supplement 63 (updated February 2026).